136 EXPEEIMENT STATION EECOKD. 



Bull clover (T. ^normsJcjoldii), the most valuable among them as a forage plant, is 

 also used as food by the Indians. 



In the Sherwood Valley about 3 tons of hay per acre is considered an average yield, 

 and it is estimated that about 50 head of cattle can usually be pastured for about 5 

 months on 100 acres of valley pasture. In the recommendations for the improve- 

 ment of pasture and meadow the author mentions the following species as most 

 likely to be successful: Orchard grass {Dadylis glomeratn), reed fescue {Festuca arun- 

 dinacea) , many-tiowered millet grass ( Oryzopsis iniliacea) , tall oat grass {Arrhenatherum 

 elatius), awnless brome grass {Bromiis inermis), red fescue {Festuca rubra), rescue 

 grass {Brovius uAlldenoim) , timothy {Phleum pratense), meadow foxtail {Alopecurus 

 pratensw), creeping bent or florin {Agrostis aJbn stolonifera) , Italian ray grass {Lolium 

 italicum), red clover ( TrifoUurn pratense) , perennial white clover ( T. repeus), and alsike 

 clover (T. hybridum). 



On the open summer or annual ranges which occupy the slopes and summits of the 

 plateau ridges and mountains, rat-tail fescue, small barley grass, and soft chess were 

 found prevalent. In addition to these grasses alfilerilla and wild clovers chiefly com- 

 pose the range feed. The only perennial grasses found on dry open hillsides were 

 Lemmon bunch grass {Stipa lemmoni), California melic grass {Melica calif ornica), a 

 variety of red fescue {Festuca rubra), a variety of sheep fescue {F. ovina), danthonia 

 {Dantlionia calif ornica), Sitaynon vUlosum, Elymus angustifoUus, and one or two species 

 of Poa. In describing the woodland or winter range the prevalent trees, underbrush, 

 and herbaceous plants are enumerated, and orchard grass, tall oat grass, wood 

 meadow grass {Poanernoralis), and reed fescue { Festuca arundinacea) are recommended 

 for trial. In the chaparral or low thickets covering dry, stony ground Melica califor- 

 nica, M. harfordU, Stipa lemmoni, Sltanion midtisetum, S. planifolium, Elymus glaucus, 

 Bromus carinatus, and species of Poa and Festuca are the most common. The forage 

 plants other than grasses occurring in these places are Lotus americanus and Ceanothus 

 integerrimus. Judging from the plants growing in protected places the author con- 

 cludes that the isrimitive forage' plants were the bunch grasses comprising Dantho- 

 nias, Stipas, Melicas, Poas, and iierennial Festucas, with annual and perennial 

 clovers, wild jiea vines, and wild sunflowers. 



The discussion of the coast bluff l)elt treats of the mesa lands, white-ash prairies, 

 bottom lands, and sand dunes separately, and mentions the most important species 

 of plants represented in the flora of each region. The subject of sand-binding 

 plants is discussed at some length. 



In the redwood belt the grasses are reported as scarce and the few common species 

 are Bromus Isevipes, Melica bromoides, Savastana macrophylla, Trisetum canescens, and 

 Deschampsia elmigata. 



In addition to notes on jioisonous plants and fungus parasites, the following fodder 

 crops cultivated in northwestern California are described: Beach grass {Ammoplnla 

 arenaria), bur clover {Medicago denticulata) , black medic {M. Inpxdina), blue grama 

 {Bouteloua oUgostachya), buffalo grass {Bidbilis dactyloides) , California lotus or 

 Dakota vetch {Lotus americanus or Hosackia purshiana) , creeping bent {Agrostis alba 

 stolonifera), diss {Ampelodesmos tenax) , field peas {Pisum arvense), hard fescue {Fes- 

 tuca duriuscida) , Johnson grass {Andropogon sorghum halepensis), hairy vetch {Vicia 

 villosa), knot grass {Paspalum distichura) , meadow foxtail {Alopecurus pratensis), 

 orchard grass {Dactylis glomerata), ray grass {Lolium spp. ), Italian ray grass (X. 

 italicum), English perennial ray grass {L. j)erenne), AustraHan ray grass {L. perenne 

 tenue), many-flowered ray grass {L. multiflorum) , red clover {Trifolium pratense), 

 red fescue { Festuca rubra) , redtop {Agrostis alba), reed fescue {Festuca arundinacea) , 

 sheep fescue {F. ovina), awnless brome grass {Brormis inermis), tall oat grass 

 {Arrhenathei-um elatius), timothy {Phleum pratense), vetch {Vicia saliva), and Avhite 

 clover {Trifolium repens). 



Forage conditions on the northern border of the Great Basin, D. Griffiths 



