146 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



together with the parasites and anomalous growths affecting this plant. The cul- 

 tures have been made in caves, greenhouses, open gardens, and forests, also in steril- 

 ized tubes. As a medium in which to grow, beech, poplar, maple, and oak leaves 

 have been used, also spent tan bark, manure, etc. The results secured, both in the 

 production of spawn in these media and in the growth of the mushrooms above 

 ground, are reported at length and in detail. They show tliat spawn can be obtained 

 in abundance Ijy seeding sjjores in pure cultures. In commercial work spawn has 

 been very successfully grown in heaps of beech or oak leaves or in spent tan bark. 

 With poplar leaves, on the other hand, the mycelium developed very poorly. The 

 fruiting of T. nudum has heen successfully accijmplished in heajis of tan bark and 

 beech leaves, less often in oak leaves. With the special nmnures used in growing 

 cultivate<l mushrooms no fructification was obtained, though the spawn developed. 

 The duration of the period of incubation of the spawn, that is, from the time the 

 spawn is seeded until the appearance of the mushrooms above ground, has been on 

 the average 10 to 12 months. In caves the harvest has lasted 2 to 3 months and a 

 less time in the ojien air. The spawn seems to be of a perennial nature, and in one 

 experiment fructified three years in succession. As comj^ared with cultivated mush- 

 rooms, the returns from T. nudum are inferior; on the other hand, the medium of 

 culture is cheaper and the preparation of special manures is not required, the myce- 

 lium is vigorous, the mushroom may be cultivated out of doors and in forests, and is 

 much more hardy than the cultivated mushrooms. 



Experiments ingrafting-, H. Lindemuth {Gartenflora, 51 [190!2),No. l,pp. 12- 

 15). — When >S'o/«?i(o» erytJirorarpum was grafted onS. lyropersicu.m June 29, it grew so 

 luxuriantly that by July 9 it was ready to be transferred from pots to the open field. 

 At first the graft did not grow quite as rajjitUy as ungrafted plants, Ijut later overtook 

 and surpassed them in luxuriance, attaining a total height of 1.48 meters. Otlier 

 plants that have grown exceptionally well when grafted on strong growing stocks 

 have been Physalis on potatoes, Arabis olbida on cole, and Sohmum aurieidaium on 

 S. tuberosum. It is believed that grafting on strong growing stock is only at the 

 beginning of its importance. 



Wallflower was grafted on red cabbage August 1, wintered in a cold house, and 

 planted out the following summer. Both grew. The cabbage sent out sprouts and 

 formed a solid head weighing 800 gm. At the time of writing the wallflower had 

 formed buds. Abutilon thompsoni grafted on AUhsea narbonenm made a strong growth, 

 much beyond its usual season. Petunia hybrida has been grafted on potato stalks, 

 but with unfavorable results. The best stock found for Petunia has been Nicotiana 

 tabacum.. Two plants oi AbrdUon tliompsoni, grafted on iSidamipn-a stocks 25 cm. long 

 and treated in the same manner, developed 3 stems each. The leaves on one plant 

 were intensely variegated in color, while on the other they remained green. No 

 explanation of the effect could be given. 



Influence of stock on scion, L. H. Pammel {Amer. Gard., 23 {1902), No. 372, p. 

 86). — An instance is cited of the use of the frost plum seedlings as stock for the Well- 

 ing plum, a variety similar to the De Soto. The fruit j^roduced was nearly worthless 

 and similar to the frost plum. De 8oto plums grafted on De Soto produced fruit on 

 a dozen trees that was very different from the De Soto in size, color, and quality. 



Influence of the hardness of wood in grafting cider apples, E. Leroux 

 {Jour. Sac. Nat. Hort. France, 4- scr., 3 {1903), Jan., pp. 48-66, fig. i). — A general 

 discussion is given of the influence of the hardness or density of wood in grafting 

 cider apples, and 200 varieties of these apples are arranged alphabetically and classi- 

 fied as to the relative hardness of the wood of each variety. The numerous observa- 

 tions along this line which have been made by the author have led to the following 

 conclusions: (1) In the culture of cider apples varieties with tender Avood can be 

 most successfully grafted on stocks having tender wood, or varieties with hard wood 

 on stocks having hard wood; (2) success follows only rarely when a variety with 



