148 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



33 {1902), No. 2, pj). 46-51). — Herewith is given a summarized account of the papers 

 and reports presented to the hybridization congress for grapes, held at Lyons from 

 November 15 to 17, 1901. At this congress direct producers were advised for tem- 

 perate or cold regions, where the attacks of phylloxera are of less importance than in 

 the Uiiddle or warmer portions of France. These plants are quite resistant to winter 

 freezing and give very satisfactory harvests. They are especially advised in jilanting 

 parcels of ground of mediocre value, where neither much attention nor manure can 

 be given to them. Wines made from grapes grown in these positions are very satis- 

 factory for household purposes, and are made at considerably less expense than 

 with grafted vines. The number of new hybrid direct producers within recent years 

 is considered of sufficient importance to call the attention of viticulturists to a study 

 of their merits. While the resistance of these new hybrids to phylloxera is not 

 absolute, it is considered superior to older sorts and grafted plants, and sufficient for 

 the center, southeast, and northeast portions of France. 



Table of comparative merits of grapes, T. S. Hubbard {Amer. Garcl., 23 

 {1902), No. 378, p. 186). — A scale of points showing the comparative size of berry 

 and cluster, quality for table use, earliness in ripening, hardiness of bud and cane, 

 health of foliage, vigor of growth, productiveness, shijiping and keeping quality, 

 and compactness of cluster is given for 62 varieties of grapes grown in the grape bolt 

 of western New York. 



Bench, grafting resistant vines, B. Beuck {Pacific Rural Press, 63 {1902), No. 

 9, p. 152). — Account of method, cost, and results. It is shown to be cheaper and to 

 give more satisfactory results than vineyard grafting. 



Direct producers, Ravez, Bonnet, Bouffard, Dupont, and Rey {Ann. JbJcole Nat. 

 Agr. MontpelUer, n. ser., 1 {1902), No. 3-4, pp. 195-309). — Brief notes on the charac- 

 teristics of a large number of varieties of direct producers grown at the school, 

 accompanied by analyses of the must and wine in each case. 



Tests of commercial fertilizers on vines, E. Chuaed and C. Dusserre {Chron. 

 Agr. Canton Vaud, 15 {1902), No. 2, p}}. 38-45). — Herewith are recorded the results 

 of experiments with commercial fertilizers as a sujiplement to barnyard manure for 

 grajies. The experiments bring out the fact that instead of the exclusive use of 

 barnyard manure, which is expensive, may be substituted in part commercial ferti- 

 lizers. The experiment shows that about as good results are obtained when only 

 half the usual amount of barnyard manure is employed and this supplemented by 

 superphosphate or Thomas slag, sulphate of potash, and a moderate annual applica- 

 tion of nitrate of soda. The quantity of the latter should be reduced with vigorous 

 growing vines, while on other soils it may be increased to 400 kg. per hectare per 

 year. 



Phosphoric acid and wines, G. Paturel {Ann. Agron., 28 {1902), No. 1, pp. 5- 

 30). — The author reviews the work of other investigators on the composition of 

 fruit and vines of grapes and of wines, and reports the results of his own studies on the 

 relation of the phosphoric acid in soils and grapes to the quality of the wine pro- 

 duced, and on the influence of methods of fertilizing and fermentation on the propor- 

 tion of phosphoric acid found in the wine. These researches show that the grape 

 takes a very small amomit of phosphoric acid from the soil, much less than of potash 

 and nitrogen. A vineyard requires from 7 to 15 kg. of phosphoric acid per hectare 

 annually. The larger part of this is returned to the soil in the leaves, prunings, and 

 marc. That removed in the wine and thus lost to the soil does not exceed 3 kg. 

 per hectare, but in spite of the small amount required, it has been noted that phos- 

 phatic fertilizers very frequently produce beneficial results as regards maturity and 

 quality of the grapes and their resistance to cryptogamic diseases. The work of 

 Miintz has shown that there is a relation between the phosphoric acid content and 

 the quality of wines of different origin. The author has found the same relation, 

 although much less marked, in different wines of the same region. His examina- 



