HORTICULTURE. 149 



tion of the wines of Beaujolais and Maoonnais showed an absolnte correlation 

 ))et\veen the richness of the wines in phosphatic substances and their commercial 

 vakie based on quaUty. Almost all of the phosphoric acid of red wines is derived 

 from the juice of the grapes in which this substaiace occurs in solution. The solid 

 parts (stems, seeds, and skins) yield only insignificant amounts of phosphates to the 

 wine except when subjected to fermentation. These results indicate the desirability 

 of increasing the phosphoric acid content of wines. This maybe done by three 

 methods, (1) the use of phosphates in the w: le vat, (2) modifications of the process 

 of vinification, especially a more prolonged contact of the marc wdth the fermenting 

 wine, and (3) the use of phosphatic fertilizers. 



Manuring- vines, E. H. Rainford {Queendand Agr. Jour., 10 {1902), No. 3, pp. 

 187-190). — A compiled article showing the necessity for manuring vines and the best 

 fi'rtilizers to apjily on different spoils. 



Grafting and budding walnuts {California Cull., IS {1902), No. 4, p. S3).— 

 Directions are given for successfully grafting and budding walnuts. 



Etherizing' lilacs for early forcing, F. Harms {Mbller'ii Deal. Garl. Zlc/., 17 

 {1902), No. 1, pyp. S-ll,fi(js. 3). — The author describes in some detail methods of 

 etherizing plants (E. S. R., 12, p. 243), and gives some results obtained Ijy himself 

 in forcing lilacs which had been etherized. When the lilacs were etherized for 48 

 hcjurs and afterwards placed in the forcing house, they started into growth 3 to 4 

 days later and were in full bloom in 25 days. Plants not etherized did not bloom for 

 8 to 10 days later. 



The effect of ether in forcing' plants {Amer. Florist, IS {1902), No. 720, pp. 319- 

 321,Jigi<. 4; Gardening, 10 {1902), No. 230, p. 213, figs. 4)- — This report is abstracted 

 from Le Jardin, and summarizes the results of experiments in the ether forcing of 

 l)lants at an experiment station in Dresden. Etherized lilacs were brought into full 

 bloom within 18 days after bringing in the house. Treated shrubs forced early 

 flowered much more freely, and were 8 to 10 days earlier than untreated. In general, 

 etherized j^lants were found to force at a much lower temperature than those not 

 treated. Azalea mollis and the viburnums have responded readily to the treatment. 

 Less success has been obtained with Prunus triloba, Deutzia, and roses. Forty per 

 cent of etherized lily of the valley plants flowered, when placed in heat, November 

 21, at 75° F., while but 2 per cent of untreated plants flowered under the same con- 

 ditions. The effect of the ether in forcing becomes less marked as the flowering 

 season of the plant in question approaches. It is, therefore, considered of greatest 

 value in November and December. 



Ether forcing- of plants, A. Maumene {Amer. Gard.,23 {1902), No. 3S1, pp. 338, 

 339, fig. 1; ahs. from La Nature) . — The object and methods of etherizing plants are 

 discussed. In the forcing of shrubs it is stated that it is absolutely necessary that 

 vegetation should be completely arrested and the plants Ijrought to a period of repose. 

 When the fumes of ether envelop the branches of the shrub they accelerate vegetation, 

 cause the leaves to wither, and ultimately arrest growth, the same as the first frosts 

 of autumn. After treatment the plants may be immediately placed in the forcing 

 house. The European experiments have shown that etherization is of most use when 

 applied from July to the first of September. Etherization should take place in 

 closed compartments having a temperature of not less than 17 to 18° C. About 400 

 gm. are considered sufficient for a cubic meter of air. The time of exposure to the 

 fumes of the ether should be about 50 hours. 



Watering with hot water {Amer. Gard., 23 {1902), No. 370, pp. 53, 5-^).— The 

 value of drenching plants that have become sickly with water having a temperature 

 of 125 to 130° F. is noted. Sufficient water should be used to carry off any'acidity of 

 the soil that may be present. In addition, it is suggested that fertilizers be used at 

 the same time in the rejuvenation of the plants. In the article good results are 

 reported with such plants as Clivia, palms, Ficus, Begonia, Aspidistra, Primula, and 

 Dracaena. 



