DISEASES OF PLANTS. KU 



ance, due to soun<l areas scattered here and tliere throughout tlie dead tissue. The 

 boundary between the dead and sound l)ark is usually sharply marked, sometimes 

 cracks appearing along the boundary. Often the wound is accompanied by a flow of 

 sap, which is probably a secondary phenomenon not due to the parasite. Late in 

 the summer or autumn the fruiting bodies of the fungus ai)pear near the margin of 

 the diseased spot. These are produced under the bark, which soon splits, forming 

 star-shai)ed ruptures and exposing the pale grayish-yellow spore cushions, which 

 are } to } in. in diameter. As the canker spots increase in size they change in 

 appearance, the bark in the older part becoming rough and blackened, as though 

 charred. The entire blackened area is dotted over by these circular stomata, which 

 form the most pronounced distinguishing feature of this disease. The injury which 

 the fungus causes is first local, being restricted to the area of the canker spot; but 

 the rapid advance of the mycelium along the longer axis of the limbs spreads the 

 disease, so that branches may sometimes be diseased for a distance of 2 or 3 ft. ])efore 

 they are finally and completely girdled. 



So far as the observations of the author go, the fungus is a wound parasite, and 

 on this account care should be exercised not to injure the bark, and in pruning to 

 cover wounds with paint or some fungicide. Badly diseased limbs should be cut 

 and burned, and when first noticed the removal of the bark with a portion of the 

 underlying tissue, and covering the wound Avith paint or Bordeaux mixture, is 

 recommended. 



Notes on spraying for bitter rot, J. T. Stinson {Missouri Fruit Sta. Bui. ;?, pp. 

 20, figs. 4). — Suggestions are given for the spraying of apple trees, and the time of 

 application, formulas for use, and machinery are described. A report is also given 

 on experiments in the prevention of bitter rot of apples. The trees were sprayed 

 with Bordeaux mixture, the foliage and fruit being well covered with the fungicide 

 during July and August. In every case the amount of marketable fruit from the 

 sprayed trees equaled or exceeded that from the unsprayed, but the fruit from 

 the unsprayed trees was the more highly colored. The investigations showed that 

 Bordeaux mixture as used was injurious to some varieties, particularly the Ben 

 Davis. 



Brown rot of peaches and plums, C. C. Newman {South Carolina Sta. Bui. 69, 

 pp. 12, figs. 3).—li is said that the peach crop has proved an almost total failure in 

 many sections of the State, due to the attacks of the fungus Monilia fructigena. The 

 fungus IS popularly described, and for its prevention spraying with Bordeaux mixture 

 is recommended. A formula is given for Bordeaux mixture; and the cost of 4 appli- 

 cations for 6-year-old trees is estimated at 6 cts. per tree, or for 10-year-old trees 

 about 12 cts. per tree. The importance is pointed out of destroying the decayed 

 fruits m order that the fungus should not be carried over the winter. A tabular 

 statement is given showing the results of spraying 60 varieties of peaches. All of 

 the early varieties received 3 applications, the later ones 4 and 5, and the very late- 

 ripening 6 sprayings. As a result of the spraying the amount of sound fruit is said 

 to have been mcreased by from 25 to 75 per cent. 



A new disease of orange, T. Ferraris {Separate from Malpighia, XIII, pp. 14, 

 pi. 1; abs. m Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank., 11 {1901), No. 4-5, pp. 291, 292).— An account is 

 given of a rot ot the orange fruit which is due to Oidium ciiri-aurantii, n. sp., which 

 is described. Pure cultures of it were grown on agar containing orange juice, and 

 from these cultures sound oranges were inoculated, producing the disease. 



Coffee diseases in Brazil, F. Noack {Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank., 11 {1901), No. 4-5, 

 pp. 196-203, pi. i).— The author describes at considerable length some of the more 

 destructive diseases of coffee which have been observed upon the coffee trees in 

 Brazil. Those described are due to the fungi Cercospora coffeicola, Mycosphierella coj- 

 fese, and Colletotrichuni coffeanum, the latter two being described as new species. The 



