ENTOMOLOGY. 171 



device may be successfully used in the destruction of insects in vineyards, gardens, 

 storehouses, and other locations wherever the lanij) can be operated. 



How insects affect health in rural districts, L. O. Howard ( V. S. Dept Agr., 

 Farmers' Bui. 155, pp. ^0, Jigs. 16). — The author discusses in a popular manner the 

 agency of mosquitoes in carrying malaria and yellow fever and the relation between 

 flies and typhoid fever and other diseases which may be carried under certain cir- 

 cumstances by flies and other insects, such as bedbugs, fleas, ticks, etc. 



The house fly, C. P. Lounsbury {Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, 20 {1902), No. 3, 

 pp. 185-194, Jigs. '2). — The author describes in detail the life history, habits, breeding 

 season, and breeding places of the common house fly, and presents notes on the 

 agency of this insect in carrying infectious diseases. The author recommends the 

 usual approved remedies in combating this insect. 



The humblebee, A. Gale {Agr. Gaz. New South Wales, 13 {1902), No. 1, pp. 

 22-24). — A brief description of the habits and life history of this insect. Attempts 

 thus far made to introduce the species into New South Wales have been unsuccessful. 



The apiary, J. Fixter {Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1901, pp. 252-259, Jig. 1). — 

 The average returns from the apiary of the Central Experimental Farm were 79J 

 lbs. extracted honey per colony. Experiments with different kinds of hives for the 

 production of comb and extracted honey showed that the greatest amount of honey 

 was produced in the Langstroth hive and the smallest amount in a hive 15 by 20 l)y 15 

 in. in size. ^Experiments were also made in feeding sugar for winter stores. The 

 natural stores were removed from 4 colonies on September 17, 1900, and a constant 

 surjilus of sirup was kept accessible to the bees, by means of a Miller feeder. The 

 sirup was supplied at about l)lood heat. No sign of uneasiness or dysentery was 

 observed in the bees during the whole winter. The average weight of the colonies 

 when put into winter quarters was 52 J lbs., and when removed, 40| lbs. Experi- 

 ments with foundations of different sizes in the sections indicated that full sheets of 

 foundation are best. The bees began to work on them first and filled them out bet- 

 ter. Only a few of the sections which had only 5 or y sheets of foundation were well 

 filled, while no work w'as done on sections where no starters were used. Similar 

 results were obtained in experiments with brood foundations of different sizes. 



An experiment was made for the purpose of determining whether bees injured 

 whole fruit. On September 7, when there was no surplus honey to be obtained from 

 outside plants, ripe peaches, pears, plums, and grapes were exposed inside the hives, 

 on branches of trees in the apiary inclosure, and on shelves in a workshop to which 

 the bees had access. The fruit was exposed in three conditions with the skin intact, 

 with the skin intact and dipped ni honey, and with the skin punctured in several 

 places with the blade of a knife. It was found that wherever the fruit was exposed 

 the bees began work at once upon the fruit that was dipped in honey and upon the 

 punctured fruit; they worked steadily upon the dipped fruit until all the honey was 

 removed, and sucked the juices from the punctured fruit until it began to decay. In 

 no case was any injury done to the whole fruit, whether dipped in honey or not, and 

 this remained true even after the experiment had been continued for 3 weeks, at the 

 end of which time many of the bees began to die of starvation. 



Brief notes are also given on the bee moth, packing of bees for shipping in hot 

 weather, movmg bees from one part of the apiary to another, and feeding honey, 

 sugar, and water, so as to secure the completion of unfinished sections. 



Bees, S. A. Bedford {Canada Expt. Farms Upts. 1901, pp. 428, 4^29) .— The author 

 reports that 2 out of 6 colonies of bees wintered in the cellar died of diarrhea. The 

 disease was due to the frames becoming damp and moldy. The hives were appar- 

 ently placed too near the cellar wall. Ordinarily it is stated there is little trouble 

 in wintering bees in the cellar in this province. 



Treatment of foul brood with essence of rosemary, E. E. Bochatey {Rev. 

 Inter )iat. Apicult., 24 {1902), No. 1, p. 12). — This remedy is highly recommended in 



