ANIMAL PEODUCTION. 179 



tied made an average gain of 278 lbs. each, and the dehorned steers fed loose and 

 turned out to water 282 lbs. Considering the test as a whole, which covered 135 

 days, the average daily gain per steer was 2.19 lbs.; the cost of a pound of gain, 

 7.42 cts. 



Limiteil and full rations were tested with 2 lots of 6 calves each. The ration at first 

 consisted of whole milk and skim milk. Grain and other feeds were added gradually, 

 and finally the milk was omitted. In 196 days of the test the average daily gain on 

 a full fattening ration was 1.64 lbs.; the cost of a pound of gain, 4.64 cts. The cor- 

 responding values on a limited growing ration were 1.22 lbs. and 4.4 cts. 



At the Manitoba Experimental Farm the total gain in 20 weeks of 4 steers not 

 dehorned and tied in stalls was 852 lbs.; of 4 dehorned steers tied in stalls 640 lbs.; 

 and of 4 dehorned steers loose 852 lbs., the rations in every case being similar. The 

 greatest profit, $42.49, was obtained with the horned steers; the least, $.32.81, with 

 the dehorned steers tied in stalls. The station also tested the comparative merits of 

 speltz and mixed grain (oats, wheat screenings, and barley, 1:1:1) with 2 lots of 2 

 steers each. All the grains were chopped, the speltz with the chaff. In addition to 

 grain, both lots were fed straw, corn fodder, and silage. The total gain in 16 weeks 

 on speltz was 308 lbs., on mixed grains 228 lbs.; the profit on the 2 lots, $24.54 and 

 $20.82. Two steers pastured on brome grass 16 weeks each gained 245 lbs. Brief 

 notes are given regarding the station bulls. 



At the Indian Head Experimental Farm 5 horned steers tied gained 790 lbs. in 16 

 weeks; 5 dehorned steers tied gained 600 lbs. The same number of steers dehorned 

 and fed in box stalls gained 1,090 lbs., the feed in every case being similar. The 

 total profit per head in the 3 lots was $9.99, $9.11, and $12.74. 



The cost of beef, H. M. Cottrell {Industrialist, 28 {1902), No. 30, pp. 450- 

 4')3). — On the basis of a feeding experiment made at the Kansas Agricultural Col- 

 lege, the author discusses the cost of fattening steers of different breeds. 



Preliminary report on Argentina as a market for pure-bred cattle from 

 the United States, D. E. Salmon {U. S. Lkpt. Agr., Bureau of Animal Industry 

 Circ. 37, }ip. 4) . — Statements are made concerning the sort of cattle in demand in 

 Argentina, the quarantine regulations of that country, and related topics. 



Mexico as a market for pure-bred beef cattle from the United States, D. E. 

 Salmon ( TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Bureau of Animal Industry Bui. 4-1, PP- 28, map 1). — The 

 advantages of Mexico as a market for pure-bred cattle from the United States are 

 treated of. Suggestions are given for introducing .such cattle into Mexico, the Mexi- 

 can Government regulations are pointed out, and the kind of cattle which are most 

 satisfactory for export are described. The author also discusses the selling price of 

 such cattle and quotes a number of letters from the United States consuls in Mexico 

 on the general subject. 



Some experiments with beet pulp as a stock food, C. D. Smith {Michigan Sta. 

 Bui. 193, pp. 1-16, 20-27). — Two tests on the feeding value of beet pulp are reported. 

 In the first, which was made by L. M. Geismar, a lot of 30 steers was fed a ration of 

 grain, hay, stover, and beet pulp, while a second lot of 20 steers was fed the same 

 ration of grain and coarse fodder, but no pulp. All the steers were fed for mainte- 

 nance rather than for fattening. In the 3 months of the test the lot fed beet pulp 

 niatle an average daily gain of 1.42 lbs., consuming per head per day 55 lbs. of beet 

 pulp, 8.5 lbs. of mixed hay, 4 lbs. of shredded corn stover, and 2.4 lbs. of ground 

 corn and beet seed. The lot receiving no pulp made an average daily gain per head 

 of 0.684 lb., consuming 11.5 lbs. of mixed hay, 8 lbs. of shredded corn stover, and 

 2.4 lbs. of the same grain mixture as lot 1. The author calculates that in this test a 

 ton of beet pulp took the place of 421.5 lbs. of corn stover, 274 lbs. of mixed hay, 

 and 68.8 lbs. of grain. 



The second test, which was carried on by W. C. Bourns, was made with 2 lots of 

 10 steers each. Both lots were fed what was considered a fattening ration, consist- 



