VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 191 



proper treatmentof the disease should be of a prophylactic nature and suould be 

 largely confined to sterilization of the umbilical cord and to disinfection of stables in 

 which the disease has occurred. The symptoms of "white scour" usually appear 

 within a day or two after birth while those of "lung disease" occur considerably 

 later. It had already been observed by stockmen, however, that this particular form 

 of lung disease occurred only in localities where "white scour" was prevalent. The 

 experiments of the authors showed conclusively that the two diseases are identical. 



Malaria of cattle in Germany, E. Jackschath {Centhl. Bakt. u. Par., 1. Abt., ^9 

 (1901), Xo. 14, )ip- 585-589, fig. 1). — A report is given on the results of observations 

 upon 200 cases of this disease in cattle. It is noted that the disease closely resembles 

 Texas fever, but is apparently somewhat different. Cattle which are native to per- 

 manently infected localities become immune to the disease, while cattle which are 

 imported from other localities are subject to acute or chronic attacks of malaria. The 

 symptoms of the disease are similar to those of Texas fever and include a high fever, 

 followed by a period of stupor, and accompanied with, a destruction of red blood cor- 

 puscles. Death seems to be due to a general antemia and obstructions to the circula- 

 tion of the blood in the small blood vessels caused by dissolution of organic material. 

 The author believes that the disease is carried from animal to animal by a common 

 species of cattle tick, Ixodes reticulatus. 



Description and treatment of scabies in cattle, E. W. Hickmax ( V. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Bureau of Animal Ltdustry Bui. 40, pp. 23, figs. 15). — Scabies of cattle is widely 

 distributed on the ranges of the West and Northwest. The disease is known as 

 range itch, cattle itch, and cattle mange or scabies, the latter being most correct. 

 Two forms of the disease occur, one being caused by Psoropies communis var. bovis. 

 This form is more frequent on the sides of the neck and shoulders, at the base of the 

 horns, and root of the tail. It may spread to the back and sides and cover nearly all 

 parts of the body. When generally distributed over the skin it may in some cases 

 prove fatal. The mites were found to remain alive and active for 8 to 11 days when 

 kept in a glass bottle at the temperature of living rooms. Exposure to dry sunlight, 

 however, killed the majority of the mites Avithin a few hours. The disease does not 

 usually attack cattle in good condition, especially not after they reach 3 years of age. 

 The animals which are most affected are calves, yearlings, 2-year-olds, and those 

 that are in poor condition. 



The other form of scabies is due to Choriopfes symhiotes var. bovis. This form 

 remains localized in the depressions of the back and at the base of the tail. It is not 

 readily contagious, and yields promptly to treatment. The first-named species is 

 distinguished by its relatively larger size. Notes are given on the life history of this 

 sjiecies. The second-named species lives especially on the surface of the skin of the 

 extremities, under epidermic scabs. Sarcoptic mange is more serious than either of 

 the forms already mentioned, but is not common in cattle. This form of mange is 

 transmissible from one species of animal to another. The period of incubation of 

 cattle mange varies according to conditions, from 15 days to from 4 to 6 weeks. 



It is important that corrals, sheds, and buildings in which infected animals have 

 been should be thoroughly disinfected. Extensive dipping experiments have been 

 made in North Dakota, and some of the details of these experiments, with drawings 

 of the dipping vats used, were furnished by R. H. Treacy. The dipping material 

 which was used was that known as South African official lime and sulphur dip, and 

 contained 21 lbs. flowers of sulphur, 161 lbs. unslaked lime, and 100 gal. water. A 

 second dipping should be administered a few weeks after the first in order to destroy 

 the mites which may have survived the first treatment. Several thousand cattle 

 which had been dipped were carefully inspected without finding any evidence of 

 scabies on them. The dipping liquid should be kept at a temperature of 102° to 110° 

 F., and cattle should be kept in the liquid for 2 minutes. The size and cost of dip- 

 ping vats will depend upon the number of animals which are to be dipped. A suit- 



