VETEEINAKY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 193 



with surra, including etiology, means of infection, patliology, course of the disease, 

 treatment and preventive measures. Notes are also given on the tsetse-fiy disease, 

 mal de caderas, and the trypanosoma disease in rats and bandicoots. A bibliography 

 of the literature on this subject occupies pages 131-148. 



Cytological modification of the parasitized animal cell, P. Dormoy {BuI. Sor. 

 Sci. Xancy, 3. ><er., J (1901), Xo. 2, j>p. GS-7..'). — Different conditions have been found 

 by different authors in work on the problem of the effect of parasitism in animal 

 cells. In some cases the presence of the parasite causes great changes, hypertrophy, 

 and degeneration; in others, the jiarasite appears to remain in the cell without caus- 

 ing any recognizable disturbance. The differences in the conclusions deduced from 

 this stud}' by different authors probably depend on differences in conditions under 

 which the studies were made. In the author's investigations special attention was 

 given to the study of Karyophagus aalamcmdrse. It was found that parasitized cells 

 were not modified, that the cytoplasm did not differ from that of unparasitized cells, 

 and that no hypertrophy took place in the nucleus. In some cases it is believed 

 that as soon as cells become parasitized they begin the secretion of a digestive enzym, 

 and that the parasitic organism antagonizes this suV)stance to a greater or less extent 

 by the secretion of a substance which has a tendency to neutralize the enzyms. 



Notes on parasites, M. G. Tartakovski [Arch. Vet. Xauk,St. Petersburg, 31 {1901), 

 Xo. 11, pp. 1043-1049). — The author discusses the occurrence of surra in gray rats. 

 Ti-ypanosoma leuisi was found in the blood 3fus decumanus and M. sylvaticus. Notes 

 are given on the occurrence of Trichosoma tenuissimum and Filaria clava in pigeons. 

 Species of lung worm were found causing serious disease among rabbits ( Lepus vara- 

 bilis and L. limidus). The species of lung worm chiefly concerned in causing infesta- 

 tion among rabbits is Strongyhix coiiimutatux. 



The method of adhesion of certain parasitic nematodes to the intestinal 

 walls of mammals, A. Rizzo {Atti E. Accad. Lincei. Rend. CI. Set. Fis. Mat. e Xat., 

 3. .m:, 10 [1901), I, Xo. 8, pp. 309-317, Jigs. 5).— The author studied the mode of 

 attachment of a number of species of nematode worms to the intestines of mammals, 

 and also the effect produced by the presence of these parasites in the alimentary 

 tract. The species upon which most work was done were Sderostomum teiracanthum 

 and Trichocephcdus affinis. A description is given of the organs by means of which 

 the worms secure their hold upon the wall of the intestines, and anatomical details 

 are presented concerning the ])athological effects of the irritation set up by the 

 presence of the worm. 



The button disease of chickens [Jour. Agr. Trop., 1 {1901), Xo. 6, pp. 173-174; 

 repriid from Bui. VnuDi Agr., Odedon., 1901, Oct. 20). — In the tropical countries a 

 disease of young chickens characterized by the appearance of button-like tubercles 

 at the angle of the mouth is comparatively frequent. This disease is due to a para- 

 sitic fungus and is considered a kind of aspergillosis. The parasitic fungus is nor- 

 mally present in the soil and on various grains, especially rice. In preventing the 

 disease it is recommended that all rice should be disinfected before being fed to 

 young chickens. As a treatment for the button disease it is recommended that the 

 tubercle be removed and that the raw surface thus exjiosed Ije painted with tincture 

 of iudin. In all cases in which this treatment was applied in the early stages of the 

 disease comjilete recover}^ was brought about. 



Vaccination and serum therapy in roup, C. Ctuerin {Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 15 

 {1901), Xo. 12, j)p. 941-952). — An organism was isolated from chronic cases of roup 

 in chickens and was found to be of slight and variable virulence. Taken from the 

 first culture it would kill pigeons or chickens, but would produce no disturbance 

 when inoculated in large doses from the second culture. In order to increase the 

 virulence of the organism for experimental purposes, it was repeatedly inoculated 

 into the lower eyelid of pigeons, and after several generations the virulence was 

 found to be much increased. After passing twelve times through pigeons in this 



