220 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ing several desirable attributes could be obtained. In grape h^-bridiz- 

 ing, as well as with other plants, so far as possible pure races alone 

 should be used. Seasonal changes, soils, and climates influence the 

 character of h3'brids. A hybrid adapted to a given region in w^hich it 

 has exceedingly valuable characteristics may utterly fail in other 

 regions with difl'erent conditions. Special sorts of grapes and other 

 plants should be produced for special conditions, and no attempt should 

 be made to develop a variet}^ that would be expected to contain all the 

 desirable (jualities and adapted to all regions and climates. A number 

 of examples were cited of desiral^le parentagx' for new sorts for special 

 qualities, conditions, and regions. The parentage of a large number 

 of well-known varieties of cultivat(^d grapes was traced at considerable 

 length. 



C. E. Saunders, of Ottawa, Canada, read a paper on the Variations 

 in the Second Generation of Berberis Hybrids. In this paper the 

 results of experiments in crossing Berheris tliunhergl as a pistillate and 

 B. vulgaris purpurea as a staminate parent, in which a large number 

 of hybrids was obtained, are described. Some of the hybrids were 

 intermediate in the size of the plant, and size, shape, and color of the 

 leaves, while in others the difl'erent characters were widely divergent. 

 As a result of his observations it was found that these hybrids tended 

 to uniformity in the first generation and wid(> variation in the second 

 and subsequent generations, as shown by more than a thousand seed- 

 lings. In the first generation little or no purple color was observed, 

 but the color of the foliage came out well in many specimens of the 

 second generation. The leaves, thorns habit of plant, etc., varied 

 widely in the later generations. 



Bud Variation in the Strawberry Plant was the subject of a paper 

 by R. M. Kellogg, of Three Rivers, Michigan. This is said to be 

 very common in the Strawberry Plant, and an account was given of 19 

 years' effort on tl ^ part of the writer to produce more vigorous types 

 of strawberry plants by forcing growth through the use of fertilizers, 

 by tillage, and continued selection. The effect of the different kinds 

 of fertilizers in culture was shown, and an excess of nitrogen was used 

 to stimulate vegetative growth and thus induce variation. The individ- 

 ual peculiarities of plants must be considered in producing new forms, 

 and where valuable individual characteristics appear, as shown by l)ud 

 variations, these should be eagerly sought and propagated. 



G. T. Powell, director of the Briarcliff School, New York, gave the 

 results of 10 years' experiments in propagating bud variations of the 

 Sutton Beaut}^ and Tompkins County King apple, his remarks being 

 illustrated by specimens of fruits. 



H. C. Price, of the Iowa Station, read a paper on Hand Pollination 

 of Orchard Fruits. This is not difiicult, but ordinarily the results 

 obtained are ver}- slow in development. The plan of cooperation 



