DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 287 



lingers npread aii<l tunit'd upward, l)ut witli tlie thnmh jui^t in front (^f the hind 

 (juarter. The hands are Hfted and gras]) into the gland from behind and from the 

 side, after which they are lowered to draw the milk. The manipulation is repeated 

 until ud more milk is obtained. Third manipulation: The fore teats are grasped 

 with j)artly closed hands and are lifted with a push up toward the body of the cow, 

 l)oth at the same time, by which method the glands are pressed between the hands 

 and the body. The milk is drawn after each three pushes. When the fore teats 

 are emptied the hind teats are milked in the same manner. The milking is then 

 finished. — f. w. woi.i.. 



The ne^w method of milking, C. Sondergaard {Den nij tiudkeuielodi'. Odense, 

 Di'ninark, 1901, pp. S.J, fuju. IS). — The book describes the new method of milking 

 cows introduced in Denmark within the last two years by two Danish agricultural 

 teachers, Hegelund and the author. The methods advocated by the two men differ 

 somewhat, but are based upon the same principle, namely, to secure the most thor- 

 ough milking by means of careful stripping, preceded by certain manipulations of 

 the udder which will bring down the last traces of milk secreted at the time of 

 milking. According to the author, the extra manipulations of the udder will bring 

 an increase in the quantity of nulk drawn of 1 lb. jjer head per day, or at)out oOO lbs. 

 per cow annually. Reports in the Scandinavian agricultural and dairy ])ress are on 

 the whole very enthusiastic as to the value of the new method of milking and gen- 

 erally more than bear out the claims for increased yields brought about by its intro- 

 duction in dairy herds." The book contains a popular description of the udder, the 

 pi'ocess of milk secretion, and the new method of milking, with half-tone reproduc- 

 tions of photographs showing the various steps in the manipulation of the udder. 

 Discussions of udder and milk diseases, drying off before calving, milking two or 

 three tiujes a day, and brief suggestions as to the general care of dairy cows are also 

 given in the book, making it a complete treatise on the subject of milk ])roduction. — 



F. W. WOLl>. 



The Hegelund method of milking, J. 0. Aashamar {Nomk LandiiKimlKlil., 20 

 {1901), No. 4S, pp. 529-531). 



Report on the churnability of cream, trials carried out at the society's 

 show at Croydon, May, 1901, E. Mathews {Jour. Bath and ]Vest and Souili- 

 ern Counties Sac. [England^, 4- set:, 12 {1901-1902), pp. 107-119).— The milk used in 

 the trials here reported was obtained from Shorthorn, Jersey, Guernsey, and Kerry 

 cows and separated under identical conditions. Sweet cream from morning's milk 

 and ripened cream from evening's milk were churned at 54, 58, and 62° F. and also 

 at 54° with the addition of water at 75° when the butter was on the point of coming. 

 Of the estimated amount of butter in the milk the percentages obtained from unrip- 

 ened cream for the different breeds were as follows: Shorthorn 40.9, Jersey 85.7, 

 Guernsey 47, and Kerry 57.1. The corresponding percentages obtained from ripened 

 cream were 82.9, 96.5, 88.5, and 83.9. The results show a much greater loss fr(jni 

 churning sweet cream as compared with cream ripened for 36 hours. The yield of 

 butter was increased by the lower temperatures but not by the addition of hot water. 

 With both ripened and unripened cream the Shorthorns showed the greatest loss of 

 butter and the Jerseys the least. The author draws the conclusion that the fat con- 

 tent of milk as shown by chemical analysis isnf)t a reliable guide as to the weight of 

 l)utter to be ol)tained. 



Payment for milk according to analysis as practiced in Belgium, G. E. 

 Li,oyi)-P>aker {Jour. Bath and Wed (mil Soutltern Counties Sor. [Englandl, 4- ^^r., 

 12 {1901-1902), pp. 120-125). — A brief description is given of the method of i)ayment 



« See Norsk Landmandsblad, 1901, i)p. 366, 529, 563; Tidsskr. NorskeLandbr., 1901, 

 pp. 33, 247; Tidsskr. Land()kon., 1901, pp. 88, 219; Ugeskr. Landm., 1900, p. 465. 



