292 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The duration of the life of the bacillus of tuberculosis in cheese, F. C. Har- 

 rison {Landv. Jahrb. tSchireiz, 16 {1902), No. 4, pp. IS8-I4O; Aiw. Agr. >Sins.<se, 3 

 {1903), No. 2, pp. 44-46). — Experiments with Cheddar cheese made in Canada were 

 carried out in the same manner as those with Emmenthaler and Cheddar cheese 

 made at Berne and previously reported (E. S. R., 12, p. 985). As determined by 

 inoculation experiments with guinea pigs, the tubercle bacilli in the cheese retained 

 their vitality for 62 to 70 days from the time of manufacture, although their virulence 

 was much lessened during the last 20 days of this period. In the Cheddar cheese 

 made at Berne the l^acilli remained alive for 104 days. Reasons offered in explana- 

 tion of this difference are the increased acidity, saltness, and firmness of the Canadian 

 cheese. The author concludes that there need be no fear of ingesting living tubercle 

 bacilli with (Cheddar cheese. 



Dairying- in Australia {Brb^bane: Tke Brisbane Newspaper Compantj, Ltd., 1902, 

 jtj}. SO, Jiijx. 3). — A rei)rint of a series of articles on this subject. 



Cheese, butter, and condensed milk, factory product, H. E. Alvord ( TwelftJi 

 Ci-n-nif! Uiiiffd States, Cen.sus Bid. 18!>, pp. 29, fig><. 2). — The statistics given are for the 

 census year ended May 31, 1900, and embrace the operations of establishments engaged 

 in the manufacture of cheese, butter, and condensed milk. From a summary of the 

 statistics of the dairy industry of the United States as a whole the following figures 

 are taken: Total number of cows kept for milk, 18,112,707; total gallons of milk 

 produced, 7,728,583,350; total pounds of butter made, 1,492,699,143; total pounds 

 of cheese made, 299,006,818; aggregate value dairy products of United States, 

 $590,827,154. 



VETEEINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 



Experimental anaemia. The study of the hemolytic cytase in the plasma 

 of normal animals, C. Levaditi {An7i. Inst. Pasteur, 16 {1902), No. 4, pp- 233-256, 

 pU. 2). — The author conducted an extensive .series of experiments, chiefly on guinea 

 pigs, for the purpose of determining as accurately as possible the effects of hemolytic 

 cytases or sensil)ilizing substances in the organism of normal animals. It was found 

 t'latthe hemolytic- sensibilizing substance when introduced into the peritoneum was 

 rapidly ay)sorbed. It was located chiefly in the organs in which the destruction of 

 the red l)lood corpuscles normally takes place, especially in the spleen. Some of the 

 substance was found in the kidney and liver but'the largest quantities were found in 

 the spleen. As a result of the accumulation of the cytases in the spleen this organ 

 becomes the seat of an active and intense phagocytosis of the red lilood corpuscles. 

 The blood plasma is deprived of its hemoglobin and contains a quantity of the cytase. 

 A portion of the red blood corpuscles which float in the plasma fix the cytase, but 

 the larger i)art of it remains free. Immediately after introducing cytase into the 

 peritoneal cavity it comes in contact with the leucocytes in the peritoneal lym])h 

 and tlie red blood corpuscles which are in this lymjih or which are set free by the 

 hemorrhage line to iujection. A jiortion of the cytase is immediately fixed by the 

 leucocytes and red l)lood corpuscles but the larger part remains five. 



Concerning infection from the uninjured conjunctival sac, K. Hikota {('nilb'. 

 Jlakl. II. Par., 1. Abt., .!1 (1902), No. 6, Orig., pp. 225-240). — .V general discussion i- 

 given of the i)ossibility of the penetration of the conjunctiva by micro-organisms. 

 The author presents a review of the literature of the subject and a discussi( m ( if 

 results obtained by numerous experiments on various experimental animals with 

 different pathogenic organisms. The organisms were in each case placed in the con- 

 junctival sac in a careful manner so as not to injure the conjunctiva in any way. In 

 experiments with anthrax bacillus it was found that 9 out of 10 white mice showed 

 no local alteration of the conjunctiva and only (jue l)ecame infected with anthrax. 

 The same results were obtained with white rats. In guinea pigs and rabbits no 



