VETEEINARY SCIP:NCE AND PRACTICE. 297 



from cows badly infected with tul)ercalosis, and it is contendeil tliat tuberculous 

 cows may thus be protitahly made use of, and should therefore not be destroyed in 

 a wholesale manner. 



Remarks on the relations of human and bovine tuberculosis, C. H. Cattle 

 {Brilislt Mfil. Jour., 1902, Xn. 2147, pp. 44-'^-445). — The author gives a critical review 

 of Koch's arguments against the liability of transmission of tuberculosis from animals 

 to man, or vice versa, and also of the arguments opposed to Koch's contentions. The 

 author calls attention to the fact that physicians and veterinarians appear to be com- 

 ing gradually to the belief that, as a rule, tuberculosis arises from direct infection or 

 from case-to-case. 



Tuberculosis, Liebner {Fi'fhling'.^ Landii\ Ztg., .51 {1902), No. 1, pp. 1-.5). — This 

 article, like many others which have appeared since the publication of Koch's 

 address at the British Congress on Tn])erculosis, is occupied largely with presen- 

 tation of arguments against Koch's position. It is urged that the possibility of 

 transmission of tuberculosis from animals to man is still an open question, and that 

 sanitary efforts to prevent the use of the meat and milk of tuberculous animals 

 should be continued. Such products are considered harmful in aildition to the 

 possibility of their being infectious. 



Tuberculosis in sheep, A. G. R. Foulertox (Public Health, 14 {1903), Xo. 9, pp. 

 544, 54-5). — This account of the author's article is an abstract made from the article 

 as read at the Pathological Society of London, April 15, 1902. On account of the 

 rarity of tuberculosis in sheep it had been suggested that the blood of these animals 

 might possibly contain an alexin which would tend to produce a partial immunity. 

 Experiments in treating tuberculous guinea pigs with subcutaneous injections of 

 extracts prepared from the spleen of sheep gave negative results, and it is believed, 

 therefore, that sheep are not really immune, but owe their freedom to tuberculosis 

 largely to circumstances of their environment. 



Infection of swine with tuberculosis, S. Stewart ( Twentieth Century Farmer, 

 1902, Xo. 74, irp. 1, 2). — The author discusses the pathological lesions caused by 

 tuberculosis in hogs, and calls attention to the great danger of infection of these ani- 

 mals from eating the waste from slaughterhouses. 



A case of tuberculosis of the lung-s in TJrsus malaianus, K. Geisenberg 

 (Ceuthl. Bait. u. Par., 1. Abt., 31 {1902), Xo. 6, Orig., pp. 24S-230).—X post-mortem 

 examination was made on a female jVIalay bear Avhich had died of a wasting disease. 

 The various pathological conditions found in the different organs are described in 

 detail. Typical miliary tubercles of tuberculosis and giant cells were found in vari- 

 ous tissues. The tubercle bacillus was found in such pathologically altered tissues, 

 but no experiments were made to determine which variety of the bacillus was 

 present in the tissue. 



Tuberculosis in cold-blooded organisms, H. Herzog {Ceiithl. Bali. n. Par., 1. 

 Abt., 31 {1902), Xo. 3, Orig., pp. 78-85, fig>t. 2). — The author undertook to determine 

 the pathological changes which are produced in frogs by inoculation with the tuber- 

 culosis of tish, and the question as to whether the organism of mammalian tubercu- 

 losis would produce pathological changes in cold-blooded animals. Eight frogs were 

 inoculated with the tuberculosis of fish and were kept in water at a temperature of 

 15 to 16° C. In another experiment 2 frogs were similarly inoculated and kept in 

 water at a temperatu-re of 22° C. In 6 of the experimental frogs no changes in the 

 organs w-ere visible to the naked eye when the animals were killed. In the other 4 

 quite extensive changes were apparent; tubercles of varying size appeared in various 

 organs and ulcerous perforations of the skin were observed in a few cases. In 

 another experiment 4 frogs were inoculated with the organism of mammalian tuber- 

 culosis and kept at the ordinary temperature of the laboratory. Three of the frogs 

 were killed after 16, 17, and 24 days, respectively; the other frog died 60 days after 

 inoculation. Of these 4 frogs, 2 exhibited no special pathological changes. The 



