300 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



detail. The reindeer iy the only animal in which a natural infection of the disease is 

 known to have occurred. By artificial inoculation, however, the disease may be 

 readih' transmitted to sheep, guinea pigs, white mice, pigeons, and sparrows. The 

 disease can be produced by inoculation also in cattle, cats, and frogs. Eabbits, dogs, 

 hogs, and chickens aj^pear to be completely immune. It is considered that if sheep 

 were allowed to range in the localities where outbreaks of the disease occur among 

 reindeer they would also become infected. In sheep inoculated with the disease the 

 author succeeded in bringing about a recovery Ijy hypodermic injections of weak 

 solution of lysol. A vaccine was obtained which had the jwwer of rendering sheep 

 immune, but no experiments were made to determine the effectiveness of vaccine in 

 reindeers. 



Normal serum in hog- cholera, S. Saltykow {Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 16 {1902), No. 1, 

 pp. 94-96). — Voges, as the result of his experiments, claimed that 0. 1 cc. of the normal 

 serum of guinea pig when injected subcutaneously in another guinea pig, protected 

 the latter against infection from an injection at the same point of a dose 1,000 

 times the fatal size, from a culture of the hog cholera bacillus. The author tested 

 these conclusions by means of experiments along the same line. The virulence of 

 the culture obtained directly from hogs hifected with hog cholera was augmented by 

 passing through several guinea pigs. It was found that the fatal hypodermic injec- 

 tion was at least 200 times greater than the fatal peritoneal dose. The influence of 

 normal serum of guinea pigs was found in the author's experiments to be practically 

 nil. P^xperimental animals died as soon or sooner after injection than check animals. 



The problem of the differential diagnosis of glanders, B. S. Teofimov {Arch. 

 Vet. Naiik, St. Petersburg, 32 {1902), No. 2, pp. 134-152). — Experiments were made 

 for the purpose of determining the relative accuracy of different methods recom- 

 mended for diagnosing cases of glanders. For this 2)urpose 6 glanderous horses were 

 tested with mallein and the blood was used for making cultures and for direct inoc- 

 ulation of guinea pigs. As the result of these studies it was found that the glanders 

 bacillus was not always present in the blood of horses affected with this disease. 

 Even in cases where the lymphatic glands and various internal organs are exten- 

 sively affected by glanders, it may be impossible to demonstrate the presence of tlie 

 glanders bacillus in the blood, either by making inoculations of fresh blood in guinea 

 pigs or l)y using the l)l()od in cultures. 



The diseases of the horse which are grouped together under influenza, 

 DiECKERHOFF {Ztsclir. Veterbiark., 14 {1903), No. 1, pp. IS). — Of the various diseases 

 which have been included under the name influenza, the author recognizes and gives 

 a differential diagnosis for the following: Contagious pneumonia, distemper of 

 horses, scalma, acute infectious laryngeal catarrh, infectious inflammation of the 

 pharynx, and epizootic cough. 



Pneumonia of horses, Iwersen {Ztschr. Veterinark., 14 {1902), No. 4, pp- 162- 

 165). — The author attempted to answer the question whether a quarantine period of 

 6 weeks was sufficient in preventing the spread of this disease. It was found that 

 in one instance an outbreak of the disease occurred among horses 4 months after 

 bringing them into quarantine. Experiments indicated, however, that immediate 

 isolation of the first case and scrupulous disinfection of the pi-emises are effective in 

 preventing the further spread of the disease. 



Experiments in the artiflcial transmission of pneumonia of horses, C. Tkoe.s- 

 TER {Ztschr. Veterindrk., 14 {1902), No. 4. pp. 159-162).— The author attempted to 

 determine whether the organisms and virus of this disease were contained in the 

 excretion from the kidneys. Experiments were instituted during which small quan- 

 tities of the urine of diseased animals was fed to colts upon their other food. In all 

 cases an elevation of temperature took place, but the animals recovered within a few 

 days. It appears from these experiments that the virus of the disease may 1)e 

 excreted by the kidneys. 



The present status of investigation concerning the South African horse 



