444 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



A single sample of raspberries from Nordland contained 18.64 per cent dry matter, 

 4.09 per cent cellulose, 7.71 per cent pentosans, 5.02 per cent sugar, 1.47 per cent 

 acid in original juice, and 1.52 per cent in decolorized juice, of which 1.40 per cent 

 was citric acid, 0.14 per cent malic acid, and 0.04 per cent phosphoric acid with a 

 trace of sulphuric acid. — f. w. woll. 



New ideas in strawberry growing, R. M. Kellogg {Michigan Farmer; Canad. 

 Hori., 25 {1902), No. 6, pp. ;?a^-^5-#).— Plants for propagation are grown in hills 

 under the best natural conditions. They are set out in the spring and a scale card 

 kept during the summer as to foliage, vigor, freedom from fungi, size of crown, dis- 

 positioji to throw out runners, and kinds of fruit buds developed. The following 

 spring the plants scoring highest are allowed to fruit. As soon as blossom buds 

 appear about one-half are removed, and when the fruit has set all the berries, except 

 2 or 3 on each stem, are removed, and the size, color, and firmness of the ripened 

 fruit noted. Plants showing the highest scale are allowed to make runners for the 

 following spring planting. This method of selection is kept up each year. 



In the permanent bed, plants are set 30 in. apart in rows 30 to 36 in. apart. The 

 runners are layered so that the plants stand about 10 in. in the row, after which all 

 runners are cut off. It is claimed that berrieS thus grown are large, of an even size, 

 bright in color, and rich in flavor. The yield is also larger than by any other 

 metliod tried. Frequent tillage is practiced and irrigation in dry weather. 



The sand cherry in cultivation, R. A. Emerson {Agriculture [Nebraska], 1{1902), 

 No. 6, pp. 9-11) . — The author notes the characteristics of the sand cherry and states 

 that a number of hybrids between the sand cherry and various sorts of plums are 

 being grown at the Nebraska Experiment Station. The hybrids have a larger fruit 

 than the sand cherry but the fruit still retains much of the peculiar flavor of the sand 

 cherry. It is hoped that later generations may give something of value. The sand 

 cherry is a shrub growing a foot or two high in the sand hills and 5 to 6 ft. high on 

 rich, moist soils. It is thought that it may be of considerable value in the. drier and 

 colder portions of the Northwest, and when further imjiroved may be useful 

 throughout the State. 



Grafting green grapevines, J. Zawodny {Gartenflora, 51 {1902), No. 16,j)p. 429, 

 430, figs. 6). — The grafting of green grapevines has beeii very successfully practiced 

 by the author. The work is done in May, June, and the beginning of July when the 

 stock is growing most luxuriantly. The graft is made obliquely through a node. 

 The details of the method are clearly brought out in a series of drawings. 



Hybridization at Beblenheim, C. Oberlin {Troisihne Congris International de 

 Defense contre la Grfle et de V Ili/hridation de la Vigne. Lyons: Soc. Reg. Vit., 1902, II, 

 pp. 78-91). — An account of the work, with a table showing the fertility, maturity, 

 sugar content, and resistance to diseases of the hybrid direct producers grown. 



Hybrid direct producers in calcareous soils, J. M. Guillon ( Troisienie Congris 

 Inter n<it tonal de D/f en se contre la Grele ct de I' Hybridation de la Mgne. Lyons: Soc. Reg. 

 Vit., 1902, II, pp. 128-135). — The general conclusions of the author are practically 

 as follows: Direct producers are in general very resistant to chlorosis. A large num- 

 ber are not sufficiently resistent to phylloxera but may be practically so on deep 

 fresh soils. The yields are generally lower than with grafted vines and the quality 

 of the wine inferior. Nevertheless, several are satisfactory for consumption, for the 

 production of alcohol, and for mixing. While the resistance of direct producers to 

 fungus diseases is rarely complete, nevertheless it is nearly always sufficiently high 

 so that the number of sprayings required by them is considerably less than with 

 grafted vines. The culture of direct producers is recommended only in difficult situ- 

 ations and where it is wished to obtain wine without much expense or trouble. The 

 results obtained up to the present time with* direct producers are, on the whole, so 

 promising that their further study should be actively encouraged. 



