ENTOMOLOGY. 463 



given on the natural enemies ■ of scale insects, including parasitic and predaceous 

 insects and birds. 



Social pear sav:fly {PawpJiilusflarlveuiris) (jjp. 27-31). — This insect caused consid- 

 eraljle damage in ]889 and again in 1900. It occasionalh^ strips large pear trees of 

 their foliage. . The adult appears in May and June. The eggs are laid during bright 

 sunshine, in groups of from 30 to 60 and on the underside of the leaves, usually in 

 rows. The young larvae form webs, in which 30 or more may be found when half 

 grown. . If the larvae are allowed to develop, the ground beneath infested trees 

 should be treated with gas lime during the winter. 



Buff-tip moth {Pygiera bucephala) (pp. 31-34). — The caterpillars of this species fre- 

 quently defoliate elm, beach, l)irch, oak, and fruit trees. The moth appears in June; 

 the lar\a? are gregarious and feed upon the upper surface of the leaf. Where it is 

 impossible to apply arsenical jwisons the larva? may be jarred from the trees and 

 destroyed. 



Some notes on ribes-feeding sawflies of Europe and America, and saivfty remedies (pp. 

 34-45). — Notes are given on the habits, life history, natural enemies, and means of 

 combating Nematus ribesii, N. consobrinus, N. appendiculatus, N. grossularise, and N'. 

 rufipes. The number of broods of N. ribesii is nearly always more than 2, and accord- 

 ing to the author's observations, frequently 4. If the larvae are allowed to escape to 

 the ground, their numbers may be reduced to some extent by treatment of the soil 

 under infested bushes. This may be done by removal of the soil, or by applying 

 some caustic substance around the l)ushes. Plowing the soil is usually not effective, 

 since the cocoons must be buried deeply in order to prevent the insects emerging. 

 Quicklime applied to the soil about the bushes has generally given satisfactory 

 results. 



Bee moth (Galleria cereana) (pp. 45-48). — The insect is described in its different 

 stages and notes are given on its life history. This insect was previously a more 

 serious pest than at present. The cocoons may be detected in the bottom of infested 

 hives, and search should at once be made for any of the pests in the hives. The 

 insect seldom gains a footing in strong, healthy colonies. 



Introduction of foreign ladybirds (pp. 48-50). — A number of species of ladybirds 

 have been imported into England from Tasmania. The species which were first 

 sent were Leis conformis, Orcus australasiie, and 0. bilunatus. The first-named species 

 appears to be very hardy and attacks plant lice with far greater voracity than that 

 which is manifested by native species of ladybirds. 



General report on insect and other pests in 1901 (pp. 50-54). — In this section the 

 author gives brief notes on a large number of injurious insects to which his attention 

 was called. These species include brown-tail moth, pear midge, codling moth, cut- 

 worms, Colorado potato beetle, flea-beetle, etc. Brief notes are also given on worms 

 and insects infesting domesticated animals. 



Seventeenth report of the State entomologist on injurious and other 

 insects of the State of New York, E. P. Felt {Bui. Neiv York State Mus., 10 

 {1901), No. 53, pp. 699-92-5, ph. G, figs. 29). — As usual in the annual reports of the 

 State entomologist of New York, a brief general account is given of the work of the 

 office, while the main bulk of the bulletin is occupied with a discussion of the insects 

 which were most injurious during the season, shorter notes on less important species, 

 reports of the voluntary observers throughout the State, a bibliography of the publi. 

 cations of the entomologist, and a list of the additions to the insect collection during 

 the year 1901. In the appendix to the bulletin an account is given of the entomo- 

 logical exhibit of the State entomologist at the Pan-American Exposition, together 

 with a catalogue of the insects exhibited. 



The Hessian fly caused extensive damages during the season of 1901; detailed 

 notes are given on the amount of injury in different localities and on the time of 

 appearance of the insect. The species is described and notes are given on its habits, 



