ENTOMOLOGY. 465 



are capable of transmitting infection, and tiie same was found to be true of adult 

 ticks which had fed as nymphs on cows, Ijut as larv;e on diseased animals. It 

 appears, therefore, that cattle may serve to carry the disease, while not being infected. 

 The disease was experimentally transmitted by adult ticks which had fed in a 

 nymphal stage on long recovered goats, but on sick animals in the larval stage. 

 Experiments indicated that animals which have recovered from heart water are still 

 subject to infection, but that their power of resistance increases after they have been 

 kept exposed to reinfection for some time. It was shown experimentally by the 

 author that the Ijont tick is normally innocuous so far as heart water is concerned, 

 and that the progeny of pathogenic bout ticks is noninfectious. Each tick, in order 

 to become dangerous, must at some stage of its existence suck the blood of diseased 

 animals. It was found also during these experiments that bont ticks dropped during 

 the pei'iod of incul)ation were harmless. As the result of the author's experiments 

 it is recommended that diseased animals be promptly isolated, and that careful atten- 

 tion should be given to the behavior of the flock in order to attack the first case of 

 heart water which may appear. It is believed that this infection can be eliminated 

 from any given area by excluding all susceptible animals for a period of greater or 

 less length. 



The authors' experiments in the fumigation of buildings with hydrocyanic-acid gas 

 indicate that flies are more susceptible to the gas than Heas and bedbugs, while Argas 

 pei'sicvs is quite unaffected by it. The eggs of the bedbug, flea, and small cockroaches 

 are destroyed l)y the gas. The remedy, however, was found not to be effective in 

 destroying weevils and other insects which are deeply embedded in masses of food 

 stuff or other material. 



Elxperiments with insecticides were conducted by C. W. Mally in the treatment of 

 Dlaspis pentagona, Aspidiotus aurantii, and woolly aphis. The conclusions readied 

 from these experiments are that lime, sulphur, and salt wash is the best remedy for 

 white peach scale; that resin wash of standard strength is a cheap and effective 

 remedy for woolly aphis (al)ove the surface of the ground); that several applications 

 of this insecticide will hold the red scale in check, while on the other hand the 

 remedy is useless for white peach scale. Soap washes proved unsatisfactory for use 

 against the white scale, and mechanical mixtures of kerosene with water seemed to 

 be of little value. 



Second report of the government entomologist, 1901, C. Fuller {Xatrtl 

 Dept. Agr., Rpt. Govt. Ent. 1901, pp. 73, pis. 3, figs. 23).— The greater portion of the 

 report is occupied with biological and economic notes on the large variety of insects 

 and fungus diseases which caused losses to crops during the season 1901. The species 

 of insects thus discussed include Sesronia Jusca injurious to young corn; a species of 

 Aniujula which attacks acacia; a number of species of fruit-piercing moths injurious 

 to guavas and peaches; Heteronychus arator which attacks corn under ground and 

 causes considerable damage; Ceratitis con/sa injurious to grapes and other fruits; 

 Hippobosca struihionis parasitic on ostriches, pigeons, and other birds; sheep tick; 

 Acridium pupuriferum; black peach aphis; and clover mite. The treatment for 

 Heteronychus arator recommended by the author includes the use of lantern traps for 

 attacking the beetle, hand picking, and applications of salt. In combating the plague 

 locust the use of arsenic baits is recommended, as well as spraying with soap solution 

 and other well-known remedies. A general discussion is presented on the efficacy 

 of the South African locust fungus. The author believes that attention was first 

 called to this parasite by J. M. Wood in 1895. In the experience of the author the 

 fungus is of some value, but is not sufficiently effective to justify its use except where 

 other remedies have proved useless or inapplicable. Notes are also given on a sugar- 

 cane disease supposed to be due to Strumella sacchari, peach-leaf curl, dodder on 

 alfalfa, varieties of oats which are resistant to rust, and Phytop)lithora infestans. 



Descriptive notes are given in an appendix on a spraying machine devised by 



