468 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



their ravages, but when they are especially numerous it is suggested that some help 

 may be derived by frequent shaking and brushing of the plants accompanied with 

 thorough cultivation between the rows. 



Report on codling moth investigations in the Northwest during 1901, 

 C. B. Simpson ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Division of Entomology Bui. 35, n. ser., pp. 29, pis. 5, 

 j[g_ 7). — During the season of 1901 there was an unusually small crop of apples in 

 Idaho and the injuries from the codling moth were excessively great. The remains 

 of as many as 23 eggs were found on a single apple. Pears were only slightly infested 

 and no cases were found where the codling moth had attacked quinces, rose hips, 

 peaches, prunes, or plums. Of the different varieties of apples Pewaukee was always 

 badly infested and Winesap was least infested. The greatest amount of infestation 

 was observed in the Upper Sonoran life zone. On an average about 83 per cent of 

 the first generation of larvge entered the apple at the calyx end. The majority of the 

 larvfe of the second generation entered at some other point than the calyx. The 

 average length of time for the larvse to become full grown was about 22 days, and the 

 time required for spinning the cocoon, 5 days. In the summer about 21 days elapsed 

 between the spinning of the cocoon and the emergence of the moth. A greater 

 number of female moths were observed than males. Nearly all of the eggs of the 

 first generation were laid upon the fruit, while those of a later generation were depos- 

 ited upon the fruit and leaves. 



Special attention was given to the question of the number of generations. From 

 extensive records kept of the number of larv&e under bands it is concluded that there 

 are only 2 generations, or that if there is a third it is of little or no importance. In 

 the Northwestern States comparatively few eggs hatched. The causes of this appear 

 to be infertility, dryness, and the effect of the sun's rays. Exijeriments thus far 

 conducted indicate that it is impracticable to combat this insect in the egg stage. 

 The 3 remedies most enthusiastically recommended are spraying, banding the trees, 

 and picking and destroying wormy fruit. It is recommended that trees be sprayed 

 immediately after the blossoms fall, and that a second spraying be given about a 

 week or 10 days later. The writer believes that the first spraying is the most 

 important of all and is- perfectly effective if thoroughly done. Late sprayings are 

 not recommended. As material for spray Paris green in the proportion of 1 lb. to 

 160 gal. of water, with 2 lbs. of lime is recommended. Arsenate of lead is equally 

 effective. The use of trap lanterns and baits for the moths are considered ineffective. 



The codling moth, J. H. Crowley ( Colorado State Bd. Hort. Rpt. 1901, pp. 30-39, 

 figs. 2) . — In this article the author relates his experience in combating the codling 

 moth. Notes are given on the life history of the insect in Colorado. The author 

 recommends that trees be sprayed as soon as the flowers have been pollenized by 

 bees and that the application of Paris green be repeated at intervals according to the 

 season. The author also used bands and examined them at intervals of 8 days until 

 September 1. 



Successful treatment for codling moth, W. S. Coburn {Colorado Slate Bd. 

 Hort. lipt. 1001, pp. 78-82).^T\ie trunks and larger branches of the trees were 

 carefully scraped and the soil underneath the trees was thoroughly cultivated in 

 order to destroy the pupae which might be concealed near the surface. After the 

 petals fell the nisecticide treatment applied consisted in the use of the following for- 

 mula: \ lb. white arsenic, 4 lbs. sal soda dissolved in hot water and boiled for 15 

 minutes; this was diluted so as to make 40 gal., and 4 lbs. of lime was slaked and 

 added to the mixture. It was found that best results were obtained when several 

 applications were made so as to destroy part of the second brood of the codling 

 moth. Infested apples were hooked off the tree as soon as detected and eaten by 

 hogs and sheep which were allowed to run in the orchard. 



The California peach-tree borer, C. W. Woodworth ( California Sta. Bid. US, 

 PP- 15, »5- 7).— This insect is said to be the most injurious insect in the Santa Clara 



