ENTOMOLOGY. 471 



between the quantity of oil required to kill the scale and the amount which will 

 injure the tree renders the result uncertain. 



Treating San Jose scale in Southeastern New York, F. H. Hall and F. A. 

 SiRRixE {New York State Sta. Bids. £09 and x!13, popular ed, pj). 8,fiijs.2). — A popular 

 f^ununary of Bulletins 209 (E. S. R., 13, p. 1064) and 213 (note*! above) of this station. 



Experiments for the destruction of San Jose scale, W. J. Allen [Agr. Gaz. 

 Xeir South ]V<des, 1,3 [190,1], No. 0, pp. 644^046). — The results of anumlierof experi- 

 ments by the author and various fruit men in the destruction of the San Jose scale 

 are reported. Good results were obtained from the use of lime, salt, and sulphur 

 spray containing 30 lbs. of lime, 20 lbs. of sulphur, 15 lbs. of salt, and 60 gal. of 

 water. The use of kerosene also gave excellent results and the scales in most 

 instances seemed to be entirely exterminated. Some injury to the trees, however, 

 is reported from the use of pure kerosene. 



A new method of destroying Tortrix pilleriana and other injurious insects, 

 P. Vermorel and Gastixe {Jour. Agr. Prat., n. ser., 4 (1902), No. 30, pp. 106-1 OS K — 

 Experiments were carried on for a number of years in the destruction of Tortrir pil- 

 leriana and T. amhiguella by the use of ordinary insecticides in a fluid and gaseous 

 form. None of the numerous insecticides used in either of these forms proved effec- 

 tive in the destruction of these insects. Resort was finally had to the use of heat. 

 It was found that mcjst insects, including the 2 species mentioned, were destroyed 

 by exposure to a temperature of 48 to 50° C. for a period of 3 or 4 minutes. They 

 were also destroyed by exposure to a temperature of 45° C. for 10 minutes. This 

 temperature was found to be without injurious effect upon grapes. The apparatus 

 used in these experiments consisted of a bell-shaped metallic vessel whieh was sup- 

 ported over the jilant and the necessary degree of heat was obtained from hot water 

 maintained in a vessel under the bell-shaped apparatus. As soon as a temperature 

 I if 40 to 45° C. was reached in the bell-shaped device the insects began to come out 

 from their hiding places and fall into the water, where they were innnediately 

 destroyed. It is believed that this method is worthy of further trial and promises 

 good results in destroying the species mentioned as well as other insects. 



An account of the black currant bud gall mite, E. J. Lewis {Jour. Southeast. 

 Agr. Col., Wye, 1902, No. 2, pp. 55-80, pi. 1, figs. 2). — A general account is given of 

 the habits of the family of mites to which this species belongs. The author discusses 

 the spread of the disease and describes the mite in the various stages, and the symp- 

 toms by which infestation by the mite may be recognized. Notes are given on the 

 life history of the mite and its possible enemies. The variety of currant which has 

 been chiefly attacked had until lately been the Baldwin. Lately several others have 

 been almost equally infested. A brief account is given of the means of distribution 

 of this mite, and of the remedies which have been recommended for combating it. 

 These remedies have almost without exception proved useless. The author under- 

 took extended experiments for the purpose of determining the possible value of 

 fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas in combating this mite. In none of the author's 

 experiments was the disease entirely checked. Even where the best results were 

 obtained there were still a few infested buds to be found on inspection after fumiga- 

 tion. In many cases a large percentage of the mites remained unaffected by treat- 

 ment with the gas. The gas apparently had no effect upon the eggs. It is suggested 

 that 2 or 3 fumigations at intervals of not too great length might be more effective 

 than a single application of gas. 



Grasshoppers in California, C. "W. Woodworth {California Sta. Bui. 142, pp. 

 36, figs. 17) . — Grasshopper outbreaks of more than usual severity occurred in Rose- 

 ville, Fairoaks, and Orangevale. When an attempt was made to induce the local 

 authorities to adopt the proper methods for destroying the grasshoppers upon their 

 breeding grounds it was found that such measures could not be safely adopted on 

 account of the possibility of local authorities becoming responsible for damages. 



