494 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



injection, intravenous injection, and l)y inhalation. The I'esults of the experiments 

 on calves showed that cattle wer»»Jiot susceptible to the bacillus of human tuber- 

 culosis, while the bacillus of bovine tuberculosis possessed a very great virulence for 

 these animals. It is recommended that for a quick determination of the origin of 

 tubercle bacilli a hypodermic injection be made in calves. After such injection 

 infection takes place rapidly if the tubercle bacilli are of bovine origin, while such 

 infection does not occur if bacilli of human origin are used. The results obtained 

 from experiments on sheep and hogs were similar. Experiments in feeding and 

 subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous injections of tubercle l)acilliof human 

 origin showed that the hog is not susceptible to these organisms, while the bacilli of 

 bovine origin were exceedingly virulent for hogs. Similar results were obtained on 

 sheep. The tubercle bacilli of human origin in many instances retained their viru- 

 lence for a long time at the point of inoculation, but did not show a tendency to dis- 

 tribute themselves from this point and produce a general infection in the inoculated 

 animal. 



The comparative virulence for animals of tubercle bacilli of bovine and 

 human orig'in, A. De Jong (.1///(. Med. TV/., 51 {1902), Xus. 4, pp- lSl-190; 5, pp. 

 251-259). — The exiaeriments, the results of which are published in this paper, are 

 said to have been made previous to Koch's address at the British Congress. In gen- 

 eral the results obtained by the author are contradictory to those of Koch. In 

 making inoculations with tubercle bacilli, the intravenous method was usually 

 chosen, since that is considered the most rapid and certain method of producing an 

 infection. The author's conclusions may be stated as follows: The tubercle bacilli 

 of human origin are capable of producing tuberculosis in cattle and also in other 

 domesticated animals, such as sheei"), goats, dogs, etc. Tuberculous infection pro- 

 duceil in animals by tubercle bacilli of human origin is usually less serious than that 

 j)roduced by bacilli of bovine origin. It is admitted, therefore, that the bacilli of 

 bovine origin are more virulent than those of human origin. The author believes 

 that man must be considered as a factor of as much importance in the tuberculous 

 infection of cattle as are cattle in infection of man by tuberculosis. It is urged, 

 therefore, that the tuberculosis of cattle deserves more attention from the standpoint 

 of human sanitation than has previously been accorded it. 



A discussion of the relation between human and bovine tuberculosis, with 

 special reference to primary infection in children through the alimentary 

 tract, A. D. Black adek [Boston Med. ((iid Stirg. Jour., 145 (1901), pp. 665-671). — 

 A review' is given of the work on tuberculosis which laid the foundation for the 

 general belief that the milk and meat of tuberculous animals are dangerous to man. 

 The author presents evidence for the belief that a species of bacterial organism like 

 the tubercle bacillus may gradually undergo changes in morphology and virulence 

 by a continued sojourn in the body of a different species from that in which it origi- 

 nated. He states that "much clinical and bacteriological work still remains to 

 be accomplished before the latest statement of Koch can be either accepted or 

 contradicted." 



Preliminary communication of experiments upon the feeding- and inocu- 

 lating of calves with human tuberculous material, W. H. Park {I'voc. New York 

 Palh. Soc, n. .scy., / {1901), No. 5-6, p. ii).— Four calves weighing 150 lbs. were tested 

 with tuberculin and found to be free from tuberculosis. The calves were then fed 

 tuberculous sputum and the same material was used for inoculating the calves by 

 hypodermic injections. The calves were again tested after 2J months and 3 of the 

 4 gave a reaction. An autopsy on one of the calves showed a slight enlargement 

 of some of the lymph nodes but no tubercle bacilli were present. The tu]:)erculin 

 reaction is explained by the author as due to the presence of living and dead tubercle 

 bacilli at the point of inoculation. The 3 other calves are reported as in good health 

 and gaining in weight. 



