VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 495 



Further experiments regarding the immunization of cattle against tuber- 

 culosis, J. McFadyean {Jour. (binp. Path, and Titer., 1>5 {1902), No. 1, pp. 60-71, 

 li(j. I ). — The present paper contains a report of experiments conducted by the author, 

 (hiring which an attempt was made to demonstrate the effect of repeated injections 

 of tubercle bacilli in calves, with special reference to the possibility of an immmiiz- 

 ing effect of such injections. Each of the 4 calves received from 7 to 11 inoculations 

 of virulent tubercle bacilli at intervals of different length. Calf No. 1 received 1| 

 cc, 2 cc, 2 cc, 5 cc, 5 cc, on January 11, April 1, November 28, January 30, and 

 May 18, respectively. A sixth inoculation with 5 cc. w'as given on July 31, and a 

 seventh, with 10 cc, on October 24. The size of the doses and the length of time 

 between the doses were approximately the same in all the calves. The cultures 

 which were used in making the inoculations were constantly tested by inoculations 

 of guinea pigs. The calves were inoculated intravenously in all the experiments. 



All 4 calves ultimately died of tuberculosis. They resisted the fatal outcome of 

 the disease, however, for an unusually long time, and the author ascribes this strong 

 resistance to partial immunity produced by repeated inoculations. Almost without 

 exception cattle succumb very rapidly to intravenous injections of virulent tubercle 

 bacilli. The bacilli used in these experiments were not of human origin, but w'ere 

 obtained from a natural case of tuberculosis in a dog, and also by passage through a 

 rabbit of cultures obtained from a case in a sheep. Upon making post-mortem 

 examinations of the 4 cases the absence of lesions in the spleen and liver and the 

 constancy of lesions in the kidneys were observed. During the period covered by 

 the experiments the animals were frequently tested with tuberculin, and reacted in 

 an irregular and uncertain manner. At times a good reaction was obtained, while 

 at other times no reaction whatever or only a slight local reaction without rise of 

 temperature developed. As a rule, during these tuberculin tests the maximum tem- 

 perature was reached between 6 and 9 hours after injection. 



Wheezing as a result of retropharyngeal tuberculous adenitis in cattle, 

 C. Besnoit {Rev. Yet. \_Toulome^, 27 {1902), No. 6, pp. 365-377, fig. i).— Notes are 

 given on the symptoms and development of this peculiar affection, and a special 

 report is made on a case in a cow which was- finally subjected to emergency slaugh- 

 ter. During life the animal had exhibited symptoms of difficult respiration and at 

 times had been apparently in danger of strangulation. The post-mortem examina- 

 tion revealed a generalized tuberculosis, with the development of a large tumor in 

 the retroi^haryngeal glands. This tumor pressed ujion the larynx so as to cause 

 difficulty in breathing. 



A proposal of a newr plan for controlling tuberculosis of cattle conserv- 

 atively, "Columella" {.Tour. Coiiip. Med. and Vet. Arch., 23 {1902) , No. 1, pp. 

 16-21). — In view of the great expense which would be incurred by the State in pay- 

 ing an indemnity for all tuberculous animals, a plan is suggested in this article 

 whereby all possible service may be secured from tuberculous cattle and no unneces- 

 sary loss suffered. It is suggested that certain persons be licensed to jjurchase tuber- 

 culous cows, that these licenses be granted subject to a board appointed for the 

 purpose, and be free, but under certain restrictions exercised by the board. It is 

 recommended that all tuberculous animals bought or sold by such licensed persons be 

 branded or marked in some other way easily recognizable. The milk is to be pas- 

 teurized and sold as milk or made into Iwtter. Calves are to be removed from the 

 cows after 3 days and the cows especially inspected from time to time, and when 

 unfit for milk production may be brought to a market condition, if possible, and sold 

 for meat, under certain restrictions. It is suggested that this plan might encourage 

 farmers to eliminate tuberculous cattle from their herds. 



The X-ray as an aid to diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle, J. V. Laddev 

 {.Toar. Comp. Med. and Vet. Arch., 23 {1902), No. 2, p>P- 97-104, figs. 4).— The author 

 tested the value of X-rays in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in all its stages. A 



