590 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



mixture or in an emulsion. The general effect of whale-oil S(jap on trees was appar- 

 ently beneficial, with 1 exception. The lime-salt-and-sulphur wash was carefully 

 tested. The effect of this insecticide on the scales was not at once apparent, hut the 

 ultimate results were as satisfactory as those obtained from 2 applications of kero- 

 sene ennilsion. This insecticide is considered equal to any treatment, except 2 

 applications of kerosene or crude oil. The cost of the material for lime-salt-and- 

 sulphur wash is much less than that of oil; the cost and trouble of preparation, how- 

 ever, is more than that of the oil emulsion. One test was made of i-esin wash, with 

 poor results. It proved also to l)e a difficult matter to prepare this insecticide prop- 

 erly. Crude caustic potash was tested in solutions containing 5, 10, and 15 lbs. to 50 

 gal. of water. The weak solution was ineffective, but the 2 stronger ones gave good 

 results. The trees were not injured by any of the solutions. Crude carbolic acid 

 was tested in various forms, with unsatisfactory results in all cases. 



In addition to the experiments already mentioned, 53 3-year-old peach trees and 

 1,000 plum trees were treated. Various strengths of kerosene and crude oil were 

 used throughout the season in spraying these trees. The results were highly satis- 

 factory. The trees bloomed and put out leaves in a normal manner and bore an 

 excellent crop of fruit. The scale was perhaps as nearly eradicated as possible. 

 Notes are given on the methods of preparing oil emulsion, lime-salt-and-sulphur 

 wash, whale-oil soap, and crude caustic potash. 



The codling' moth, G. Quinn {Jour. Acjr. und Ind. South Australia, 6 {190£), No. 

 2, pp. 110-114) ■ — A circular letter was sent to a number of prominent apple growers 

 in Tasmania for the purpose of securing statements concerning the effectiveness of 

 measures which had been adopted in controlling the codling moth. The majority 

 of the fruit growers express the opinion that governmental inspection is necessary 

 for effective work in controlling this insect. Attention is called, however, to the 

 necessity of conscientious work on the part of the inspectors. 



Spraying' tests for the codling moth, G. Quinn {Jour. Agr. and Ind. South 

 Australia, 6 {1902), No. 1, pp. 19-21). — A series of experiments were undertaken for 

 the purpose of determining a suitable method for combating this insect. The trees 

 were sprayed at intervals of 2 weeks, beginning immediately after the fall of the 

 petals. The insecticides used were Paris green, 1 oz. to 10 gal. limewater (made by 

 slaking 1 lb. of fresh lime); and arsenite of soda (made by boiling 1 11). of w^hite 

 arsenic and 2 lbs. of soda crystals in 1 gal. of water, which was then diluted at the 

 rate of 1 pt. in 40 gal. of limewater). Different blocks of trees were sprayed 4, 5, 6, 

 and 7 times respectively with Paris green. These blocks showed 89, 93, 94, and 83 

 per cent of apples respectively free from codling moth. In the 4 rows which Avere 

 not sprayed 57 per cent of the ajiples were free from codling moth, while on 4 rows 

 which were sprayed 5 times with arsenite of soda 94 per cent were free from attack. 



The peach worm, W. T. Clarke {California Sta. Bui. 144-, I^P- 44, fig»- '20). — The 

 peach worm {Anarsin lineatella) is said to be the most serious insect pest of the peach 

 of California, where the damage in some seasons amounts to 30 per cent of the entire 

 crop. The insect is known under the names bud worm and fruit worm, according to 

 the part of the peach tree which it injures at different seasons of the year. The 

 author's experiments were made on 200 acres of peach trees of different varieties 

 containing about 12,000 trees, and these experiments were duplicated on a smaller 

 scale in many other localities. During the winter the insect hibernates in a burrow 

 within the bark in the crotches of the tree where the new wood joins that of the 

 previous year. The burrow is always on the upper side of the crotch. The insect is 

 not attacked by parasites during the hibernation period to any appreciable extent. 

 The distribution of these winter burrows of the species was found to correspond 

 with the extent to which old infested peaches had been thrown around the trees as 

 a fertilizer. This custom is condemned as responsible for spreading the insect. It 

 was found that pruning could not be depended ujion for controlling this insect. 



