ENTOMOLOGY. 591 



Spraying experinienta were iiifitituted on January 9 and were coutinvied until the 

 middle of the month. Keronene emulsion of 2 strength!^ was used, bvit this insecticide 

 appeared to have no beneficial effect. It was found by examining thelarva? in their 

 winter burrows that the silk casing by which they were surrounded })rotected them 

 against not onl)' kerosene enuilsion but distillate oil, lime-salt-and-sulphur spray, 

 and other materials. No (hfferences were noted between the sprayed and the 

 unsprayed trees if spraying was performed during the winter. Jt was found neces- 

 sary to wait until the larvae became active in the spring. During the sjiring spraying 

 experiments lime-salt-and-sulphur mixture, oils, emulsions, and I X L were used. 

 The latter insecticide was used on 8,300 peach trees with very unsatisfactory results. 

 The best results were obtained from the use of the lime-salt-and-sulphur mixture^ 

 The use of oils and emulsions, including the so-called Hercules enmlsion made from 

 distillate oil, caused more or less destruction of the l)lossoms and injury to the trees. 



The larvae remained in their burrows until early in March when they escaped and 

 attacked the young growth, boring into the i)itli. Tliis attack is more noticealile on 

 young than on old trees. The larv;e remain in the buds and new twigs until the 

 latter part of April. The larv?e seek the curled pieces of bark on the trunks and 

 branches of the tree for pupation, the large proportion of the larvse pupating low 

 down on the trunk. Banding experiments showed that the larvae did not prefer the 

 bands to the curled pieces of bark. The moths appear in from 10 to 12 days and 

 begin to lay their eggs about May 9 about the bases of the leaves. The larvpe from 

 these eggs bore into the pith and remain as twig borers ff)r about 20 days, when they 

 leave the twigs and enter the fruit. The next generation exhibits a similar life his- 

 tory, while the larv;e from the third generation enter the bark in the crotches of the 

 tree and pass the winter in this condition. For combating this insect the author 

 recommends spraying with the lime-salt-and-sulphiu- compound just before the blos- 

 soms open, or even after the blossoms have oj^ened. 



Insects of the wattle trees, W. W. Frogg ATT (J _r/;-. (jaz. Ne.w South. Walef^, 13 

 {1902), No. 7, pp. 701-120, pis. 8). — Certain species of the genus Acacia known as 

 wattle trees in Australia are among the most important trees of that country. These 

 trees are frequently damaged to a great extent by various species of insects, and in 

 the present article the author has brought together descriptions of a large number of 

 species of insects which injure these trees. The insects which are descriV>ed include 

 various species of beetles, moths, flies, scale insects, and other II omoptera. A num- 

 ber of the injurious species consideivd are well illustrated on plates. 



The effect of Aphrophora salicis on willows, A. Jacobi {Arh. K. GcmmdJidt- 

 samfe, Biol. Abt., 2 {1902), No. 4, pp- 51.3, 514)- — The author's observations were con- 

 fined largely to the injurious effects of this insect upon Salix alba. It was found that 

 where the insect was present in large numbers the leaves were greatly injured by 

 the numerous punctures and the whole plant became stunted. 



Felted beech coccus {.Tour. Bd. Agr. \_London:], 9 {1902), No. 2, pp. 218, 219).— 

 Cryptococcus fagi attacks chiefly the trunks of beech trees. It is recommended that 

 infested trees be twice sprayed with strong kerosene emulsion, with an interval of 

 2 days between the ajiplications. 



Hydrocyanic-acid, gas in greenhouses, H. C. Price {Anier. Florist, 19 {1902), 

 No. 750, pp. 405, 406). — A number of tests were made with this substance in fumi- 

 gating greenhouses for the destruction of injurious insects. It was found that plants 

 were less injured by exposure for a short time to a large amount of gas than by a 

 long exposure to a small amount of gas. The method of fumigating with dilute gas 

 is therefore not recommended. 



Fumigation under box covers, C. P. Lounsbury {Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, 

 21 {1902), No. 1, pp. 54-64, .figs. 4) . — The author briefly describes, in connection with 

 illustrati(jns, the more important box fumigators which have been constructed in 

 different countries for use in combating the San Jose scale. 



