DAIRY FARMING — DAIRYING. 603 



" We know from tliis and from previous reports that the e^gs of any one oyster do 

 not all develop at the same rate, and that the vigor of ail the eggs in an oyster rap- 

 idly declines after the oyster is removed from its native element. We also have 

 abundant evidence that oysters differ greatly in the character and fertility of their 

 eggs, even when first taken from the water. 



"Again, we have, in this and previous reports, shown that the rate of develop- 

 ment is dejwndent upon the supply of oxj'gen and the extent to which the eggs are 

 stirred and crowded. 



"Again, the various events are not sharp ones, Imt each occupies some time, l)egin- 

 ning and ending with imperceptible changes and i:)rogressing to a climax gradually. 

 It is ditiicult to observe the changes of similar phases in different lots of eggs. 



"Finally, the temperature of the water is not equally a fixed number of degrees 

 below that of the air. Also, the temperatures given [as part of the experimental 

 data] are those obtaining at the beginning of each experiment, and therefore not 

 accurately the average temperature in each experiment. 



"These facts must all be considered in a set of experiments, in whicli conclusions 

 are made, based on the variations in the rate of development. But, undoubtedly, 

 the rate of development is an important index to the vigor and character of the 

 spawn, and may, perhaps, come to figure prominently in a j^ractical system of oyster 

 pr()i)agation. Therefore, studies along this line can not l)e ignored during this, the 

 experimental period of scientific oyster propagation." 



DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 



Dairy liusbandry, H. J. AVateks and C. H. Eckles [Mii^souri f^ta. Bui. 66, pp. 

 31, figs. 6). — This bulletin is issued with a view to awakening an interest in dairying 

 in Missouri and disseminating relial)le information on the subject. The introductory 

 part, by H. J. Waters, contains a brief description of the new dairy building and the 

 text of the State law establishing a chair of dairy husbandry in the College of Agri- 

 culture. The main part of the bulletin, by C. H. Eckles, deals with the dairy and 

 crop production in Missouri, the adaptability of the State to dairying, the income 

 from average and selected herds, the comparative profits in selling milk to cream- 

 eries and t'heese factories, dairying as a means of keeping up the fertility of the 

 farm, the labor prol)lem involved in dairying, the use of the hand separator on the 

 farm, private and cooperative dairying, and other topics. 



Missouri is considered well adapted to dairying on account of its mild climate, 

 long pasturing season, productive soil, and good markets for dairy products. Esti- 

 mates jilace the annual income of the average creamery patron in Missouri at $29.32 

 per cow. The income received from the creamery in 8 selected cases ranged from 

 $37.14 to $61.23. Special attention is called to the fertilizing value of some of the 

 farm products that are commonly sold from the farm and which may be utilized in 

 dairying. The author believes that within a few years the hand separator will be 

 considered as necessary a farm machine as the mower or harvester. 



Report of the assistant in dairy husbandry, C. B. Lane {New Jersey Stas. Rpt. 

 1901, pp. '269-303, ph. 16).— An outline is given of the dairy work during 1901, which 

 was along the lines followed in previous years and reported upon in .the annual 

 reports of the stations. 



SoU'mg crops (pp. 272-278). — Notes are given on the 15 forage crops grown for soil- 

 ing purposes during the year. A brief description is given of a cutaway, having 5 

 turning disks 24 in. in diameter and 5 smaller disks. The machine is drawn by 4 

 horses and is considered particularly valuable in preparing ground which has become 

 too hard to plow. A good crop of hay was secured from seeding to grass without 

 grain the previous fall. 



