670 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Botrylis cinerea on certain varieties of grapes has been of exceptiijnal severity. Usually 

 tliis mold is saprophytic, but under the conditions which have recently existed it 

 has become a parasite of great activity, destroying the fruit in all stages of develop- 

 ment. The application of liquid fungicides to the grapes is said to be attended with 

 certain difficulties, and the author has investigated the subject of powders which do 

 not offer the same objection. He recommends the use of either a mixture of 90 per 

 cent gypsum and 10 per cent copper sulphate or 80 per cent gypsum and 20 per cent 

 neutral verdigris. If it is found desirable powdered sugar may be added, in which 

 case the copper will be present in the form of a sucrate. 



On the resistance of Botrytis cinerea to metallic poisons, L. Degrully 

 {Prog. Agr. et Yii. [Ed. L'Est), 23 {1902) , No. 38, pp. 330-332).— k.n editorial review 

 is given of investigations on the resistance of a number of molds to metallic poisons. 

 The experiments reported were conducted with Mucor vvuccdo, Aspergillus niger, 

 Botrytis cinerea, and Penicittium glaucum. The spores of these fungi were cultivated 

 on the media containing different quantities of salt, and the Penicillium was found to 

 be the most resistant. The toxicity or poisonous property of the metals in the 

 increasing order of progression was manganese, zinc, copper, iron, lead, nickel, 

 cadmium, cobalt, mercury, and thallium, the sulphates of the metals being the forms 

 used. In another series of exjieriments it is stated that spores of Penicillium which 

 germinate in the presence of metallic poisons give a growth, the spores of whi(;h are 

 more resistant than those of the first generation. In this way it seems that molds in 

 general are able to increase their resistance to toxic substances. The imj)ortance of 

 this on the treatment for the prevention of the disease of grapes due to Botrytis 

 cinerea is very great. 



A form of Gloeosporium nervisequum on plane trees, J. Beauverie {Ami. 

 Soc. Bot. Lyon, 26 {1902), p. 5; abs. in Bot. Centbl, 90 {1902), No. 28, p. 29).— The 

 ordinary form of Qlccosporium nervisequum, w^hich is said to be identical with 

 G. 'phitani and G. valsoideum, is found only upon the leaves of the host i>lant. A 

 new form is described which attacks the branches and twigs, the mycelium entering 

 the cortical layer and extending to the medullary rays and pith. The pycnidia are 

 formed in the cortex. When the attack is severe the trees are frequently entirely 

 destroyed. 



Concerning- Tuberculina persicina, E. Marchal {Bui. Soc. Cent. Forest. Belg., 9 

 {1902), No. 5, pp. 332, 333). — The tccidia i^roduced upon Pinus sylvestris by Cronar- 

 tium asclepiadeum are said to be frequently attacked by the fungus Tuberculina per- 

 sicina, to the cpmplete obliteration of the characteristics of the former fungus. It has 

 been previously claimed that Tuberculina is i^arasitic upon the Cronartium, but the 

 author doubts the accuracy of this statement and thinks that it is merely an associa- 

 tion, the Tuberculina being able to live only in tissues which have been disorganized 

 ))y the rust fungus. A related species ( T. maxima) is said to be associated with the 

 ;ecidia jjroduced on the white pine by Cronartium. ribicolum. 



The rust of spruces, E. Marchal {Bui. Soc. Cent. Forest. Belg., 9 {1902), No. 5, 

 pp. 333, 334). — A brief description is given of the rust of spruces produced by Chry- 

 somyxa abietis. This disease is said to prefer moist localities and is most abundant in 

 valleys. The meteorological conditions which occur in the spring at the time of the 

 germination of the teleutospores are said to exercise a marked influence on the dis- 

 ease, it being favored by considerable humidity. The disease was present in 1899 

 and in 1900, but in 1901 it had almost entirely disa]>peared. 



Two fungus diseases of the white cedar, J. W. Harshberger {Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Pliihidelpliia 1903, 2>P- 4(^1-504). — The white cedar {Cupressus thyoides), which 

 ranges from Maine to Florida and west .to the Mississippi, is said to be the host plant 

 for 19 species of fungi, most of which are not of serious importance. The only spe- 

 cies considered as serious parasites are Gymnosporangium biseptatum and G. ellisii. 

 These 2 fungi are very prevalent on the white cedar in New Jersey. The swellings 



