ENTOMOLOGY. 673 



Elementary studies in insect life, S. J. Hunter {Topeka, Kans.: Crane A Co., 

 1902, pp. XVIII ^ 344, p/s. 2, Jigs. 259). — This volume contains an account of insect 

 metamorphosis, special senses, protective devices, solitary life, social life, instinct, 

 mutual relations of plants and insects, injurious and beneficial insects, the extent of 

 insect life, geographical distribution of insects, structure, collection and classification 

 of insects, laboratory exercises, habits of ants, form and function of different parts 

 of insects, and an appendix on methods of dealing with injurious insects. In this 

 appendix economic plants are arranged in alphabetical order with l)rief notes on 

 their chief insect pests. The vohnne contains many original illustrations and is 

 written for the purpose of inducing students to make personal ol)servations in the 

 field and laboratory on some of the more important biological i)roblems presented 

 by insect>'. 



Report of tlie State entomologist, W. ]M. Schoyen {Aumhr. Offcnt. Foramtalt. 

 Lmidhr. Fremnie, 1901, I, StaUfomnMalt., pp. 90-129, figs. 27) . — As in previous reports 

 by the author, notes are given on the more important insect pests and plant diseases 

 observed in Norway during the year. The chief pests discussed in the report include 

 IlijdreUia griseola, injurious to cereals; fiat smut; wheat rust; Charxas graminis, Adi- 

 inoiiia tenaceti, and Tipida oleracea, injurious to grasses; Plufellu cruclferarum, Mamestra 

 brasificsc, and Lhnax agre-^tis, injurious to cabbages and related plants; codling moth, 

 Argyresthia corijiigella, Aporia craf:rgi, Hyponomeuta varlahUis, pear psylla, apple plant 

 louse, and oyster-shell bark-louse, injurious to fruit trees; Nematvs rihesii, ZopJiodid 

 amrolutella, and Puccinia ribis, injurious to gooseberries and currants. Brief notes 

 are also presented on the insect and fungus pests of shade trees, conifers, ornamental 

 plants, and also upon a number of household insects. 



Studies on insects, E. Fleutiaux {Agr. Prat. Pays Chauds, 1 {1902), No. 6, pp. 

 768-77 S; 2 ( 1902), No. 7, pp. 111-124, figs. 7). — Notes are given on a number of beetles 

 which have been introduced into Tunis which are likely to be transjjorted by means 

 of shipping. 



Exjieriments were tried with a race of silkworms known as Massourah, from Asia 

 Minor. This race proved to be a very profital)le one in Tunis, and it is recommended 

 that more extensive experiments be tried with it. 



In combating Physopus ruhrocinctft, an enemy of the cacao, it was found that best 

 results were obtained from the use of kerosene emulsion. Notes are gtven on the use 

 of sulphur fumes generated by special machines devised for that purpose in the 

 destruction of rice weevils and other insects in various situations. A list is given of 

 insects collected by Landes and Touin at St. Pierre. Notes are given on l<phen<)])horus 

 ///v(/».v injurious to bananas, and a number of insects especially injurious to agriculture 

 in jNIadagascar. 



Injurious insects, E. Fleutiaux {Agr. Prat. Pays Cluiuds, 2 {1902), No. 9, pp. 

 377-SSO). — Brief notes are given on a number of insects injurious to tobacco and 

 l)amboo, and mention is made of certain other butterflies and injurious Dijitera. In 

 Madagascar tobacco was injured by Dennestes bicolor, Plinus fur, various species of 

 cockroaches, and other insects. 



Corn billbugs in Illinois, S. A. Forbes {Illinois Sta. Bid. 79, pp. 435-461).— 

 Injury to corn from billbugs has been found to prevail in Illinois chiefly under one 

 or the other of 3 conditions, viz: (1) Where swamp lands are broken up in the 

 spring and planted to corn ; (2) where such land is poorly cultivated, allowing coarse 

 grass to grow up again; and (3) where timothy sod is jilowed under in the spring and 

 immediately planted to corn. The largest species of billbugs breed chiefly in the 

 bulbous roots of certain coarse sedges or rushes, while the majority of the medium- 

 sized species breed largely in timothy fields. This explains the danger of planting 

 corn immediately after breaking up such land. As a general preventive measure 

 against injury from billbugs it is recommended that grass lands infested by these 

 insects be plowed in the early fall or summer before the time for the hibernation of 



