700 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



and in determining wlu'ther affected animals have recovered to such an extent as to 

 render the meat safe for human consumption. The more important changes in the 

 nervous system were found in the ganglion cells. Nissl's corjiuscles became disinte- 

 grated, and the whole nerve cell exhibited a tendency to become homogeneous and 

 later to form vacuoles in their substance. The changes in the ganglion cells of the 

 brain and sjiinal cord were essentially tlie same. 



Anthrax and blackleg, L. C. Tiffany {Illinois State Bd. Lire Stocl- Com. Bid. No 

 3 {ger. 1901-2), jjp. S). — A brief popular discussion of the symptoms, cause, trans- 

 mission, and prevention of anthrax and blackleg. 



Anomalous forms of anthrax bacillus isolated from the blood of a bull 

 dead of this disease, J. Lignieres and H. Dirkieu {Tiec Mid. ]7t., iV/C7>, S. .svr., 9 

 {190..'), Xo. 4, pp. 102-107, figs. 4). — Cultures of anthrax bacillus taken from the blood 

 of a bull which had died of natural infection with anthrax were made on various 

 nutrient media, including peptone bouillon, gelatin, gelose, and milk. Great varia- 

 tion in the form of the organisms thus obtained was observed. Inoculation experi- 

 ments on guinea ])igs, rabl)its, and sheep demonstrated that all these different forms 

 of the anthrax bacillus were ecpially virulent. 



Toxic paralysis of a carbunculous (anthrax) nature, A. Sclavo {('entU. Bald. 

 II. I'lir., 1. Aht., 32 {1902), No. 3, Orig., pp. 201-207). — In conducting experiments 

 with antianthrax vaccine the author observed that paralysis quite frequently 

 occurred in the animals which were being used for experimental purposes. Detailed 

 notes are given on a number of such cases. The symptoms of paralysis ajipeared 

 from 16 to 31 days after injection of the serum and pure culture. These symptoms 

 were remarkal)ly uniform. A second injection of anthrax bacilli and serum in a 

 ral>bit which already sliowed symptoms of paralysis did not cause an anthrax infec- 

 tion, but the animal died like the other cases of paralysis. It is believed that the 

 poisf)nous substance, which exercised its effect directly upon the jiosterior portion of 

 tiie spinal cord, is analogous to the toxons observed in diphtheria. It is suggested 

 that as a result of the excessive injections of anthrax cultures and serum the blood 

 acquired increased resisting jiower toward the anthrax bacilli, but lost, at the same 

 time, its normal l)actericide properties for destroying toxic substances which caused 

 paralysis. 



The existence of chronic pleuro-pneumonia in the interior districts of 

 France, II. Martel {Rer. Mkl. Vit., J'oris, 8. ser., 9 {1902), No. 8, pp. 174-179).— The 

 author presents a general summary of the results of his observations and experi- 

 ments in determining the extent and prevalence of ])leuro-pneumonia in a chronic 

 form in France. From these experiments and ol)servations it is cf)ncluded that 

 infected animals may remain contagious for several years. It was shown that the 

 virulence of the virus is jireserved without change in infected animals in different 

 foci, and that new foci may form successively in infected animals. In order to avoid 

 outbreaks of pleuro-pneumonia in a virulent form it is urged that veterinarians at 

 a1)attoirs give special attention to the destruction of any foci of pleuro-pneumonia 

 which may be found in the lungs of cattle. 



Pleuro-pneumonia in the mammary gland, K. Nocard {Bee. Med. Vet., Paris, 

 8. ser., 9 {1903), No. 4, pp. 88-92, Jigs. .^). — Since it is a well-known fact that the 

 mammary gland of cows, especially when it is active, is very susceptible to inocula- 

 tion with such diseases as tuberculosis, anthrax, and aphthous fever, the author 

 determined to undertake experiments in inoculating the udder with the virus of 

 pleuro-pneumonia. The experiments are described in detail. The inoculation is 

 made without causing any lesion of the udder. The following results were obtained 

 from these experiments: When the organism of pleuro-pneumonia was introduced 

 into the milk sinus without injury to the mammary gland, pathological lesions were 

 produced similar to those which accompany subcutaneous or intramuscular inocula- 

 tions. A pure culture of the organism was maintained in the nulk. The organism 



