AGRICULTUKAL ENGINEERING. 713 



paper making; treatment of ra.irs; treatment of esj^arto; treatment of wood; treat- 

 ment of various fibers; bleaeliing; beating or refining: loading, sizing, coloring; 

 making paper by hand; making jiaper by machinery; calendering, cutting, and fin- 

 ishing; colored papers; miscellaneous papers; machinery used in paper making; 

 recovery of soda from spent li(iuors; determining the real value or percentage of 

 commercial sodas, chlorid of lime, etc.; useful notes and tallies; and a list of papers 

 on paper making. 



A new paper stock ( Trinl'Suinn, 4S {190o), No. 10, p. 67 ).— The .successful use at 

 Niagara Falls of cotton hulls as stock for onlinary "writing" and "news" grades of 

 paper is noted. 



AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING. 



Report of irrigation investigations for 1901, E. Mead et al. ( f". S. Bept. 

 Agr., Office of Experiment .Stations Bid. 119, pp. 401, pis. 64, figs. 12). — This is the' 

 third annual report on irrigation investigations (E. S. R., 13, y>- 999), and includes a 

 summary of results by R. P. Teele, and reports by special agents and observers as 

 follows: Irrigation in New ]Mexico, by W. M. Reed; Irrigation Investigations in the 

 Salt River, A'alley for 1901, by W. H. Code; Irrigation at the Arizona Experiment 

 Station Farm, by A. J. McClatchie; Studies of the Subterranean Water Supply of the 

 San Bernardino \'alley and Its Utilization, by E. W. Hilgard; Duty of Water under 

 Gage Canal, Riverside, Cal., 1901, by W. Irving; Duty of Water in Tule River Basin, . 

 California, by A. E. Chandler; The Use of Water in Irrigation in Washington for 

 the Season of 1901, by O. L. Waller; The Distribution of Water from Canals in 

 Idaho, by D. W. Ross; Irrigation Investigations in [Montana, 1901, by S. Fortier; 

 Irrigation in Bear River Valley, Utah, 1901, liy A. P. Stover; Irrigation in the Grand 

 Valley, Colorado, 1901, by A. P. Stover; Irrigation in the Arkansas Valley, Colorado, 

 by A. P. Stover; Irrigation under the Great Eastern Canal, Platte County, Nebr., in 

 1901, by 0. V. P. Stout; Irrigation Experiments at the Missouri Experiment Station, 

 by H. J. Waters; Irrigation Experiments in Wisconsin, by F. H. King; Irrigation 

 in New Jersey, by E. B. Voorhees; Second Progress Repoi't on Silt Measurements, 

 by J. C. Nagle. 



The investigations reported deal mainly with the duty of water in irrigation and 

 the methods and measures for securing the largest and Ijest use of the water supply, 

 but take up incidentally many other related questions. "In the measurements so 

 far made no attempt has been made to control the quantity of water used. The 

 attempt has been to find out how much water is used under present practice. . . . 

 It is the intention to make the investigations of the future deal more and more with 

 what can be done by better methods and more economical use of water." 



The results reported show a wide difference between the amount of water entering 

 the main canals and that actually received by the land. Thus, averaging all the 

 measurements of water received by the main canals, it appears that the following 

 quantities of water were used per acre: In 1899, 4.42 acre-feet; 1900, 4.08 acre-feet; 

 1901, 4.90 acre-feet; average, 4.45 acre-feet. The quantity used, as measured at the 

 heads of the laterals and on the farms, is shown to be in the cases recorded from 30 

 to 40 per cent less, which represents the loss "between the heads of canals and the 

 place of use, on the assumption that the measurements are representative." The 

 average loss of water from canals was, according to the 1901 measurements, 1.4.5 per 

 cent per mile, as against 2.47 per cent the previous year. The percentage loss is 

 shown to decrease as the size of the canal increases. Thus the loss from canals car- 

 rying 100 cu. ft. per second or more was 0.98 per cent jier mile, 50 to 100 cu. ft. per 

 second 2.67 per cent, 20 to 50 cu. ft. 5.22 per cent, less than 25 cu. ft. 7.48 per cent. 



The data for duty of water with different crops show, as would be expected, wide 



