778 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Larch and spruce fir canker, G. Masses {Jour. Bd. Agr. [London'], 9 {1902), 

 No. 2, pp. 176-188, ph. 3). — A description is given of the larch canker due to Ikwj- 

 scypha calycina, and a somewhat similar disease of the larch due to D. remnaria. 

 The larch canker is due to a wound parasite, the investigations of the author not 

 substantiating the claim of Carruthers that the fungus was actively parasitic. Out 

 of more than 100 inoculations on unwounded l)ranches of larch no infections were 

 obtained, while spores applied to the wounded surface almost invariably established 

 the disease. In nature the wounds are caused in various ways, as l)y wind or snow, 

 the extrusion of sap due to late frosts, the biting and punctures of insects, particu- 

 larly the larch aphis, and those made near the base of the stem in planting young 

 trees. As a rule, when trees under 10 years of age are attacked, they are either 

 killed outright or so deformed as to be of very inferior value. Older trees, while 

 stunted to some extent, are not so severely injured. 



The parasite causing the spruce canker is so nearly like that causing the disease 

 just described as to be indistinguishable to the ordinary observer. The spruce is 

 subject to infection in the same way as the larch. .Seedlings and young trees should 

 be protected with kerosene emulsion against the attacks of the larch aphis. As a 

 safeguard against injury through late frosts, seed l)eds should not be placed in low- 

 lying, damp localities, as these conditions are not only more subject to frosts but 

 also favor the presence of the aphis. Recent investigations are said to show that the 

 spruce-gall aphis {Clwrmes ahktis) and the larch aphis (C. laricis) are alternate phases 

 of the same insect. In the case of the attack upon large trees, the trunk will con- 

 tinue to grow and make wood for many years, but it furnishes a serious menace to 

 surrounding trees by being a breeding place of the fungus. 



Some new fungvis parasites of oaks, E. Henry {Bid. Soc. Sci. Nancy, 3. ser., 3 

 {1902) , No. 2, pp. 99-103). — Descriptions are given of Pscndovalsa lomjipcs, Aglaospora 

 taleola, and of Pezicula cinnamomea, all of which have been recently found occurring 

 parasitically upon oak trees. 



A twig blig-ht of willows, C. von Tubeuf {Arh. K. ficaundheUsamte, Biol. Aid., 

 2 {1902), No. 5, pp. 567-570, pi. i).— A twig blight of willows, due to Fasicladiam 

 snlicipcrdum, is descriV)ed. The disease seems to be common on many species of wil- 

 low although so far as the author's investigations go it does not affect Snlix bahylonica 

 or ;S'. 2)enlandra. For the control of this disease the author suggests a winter wash 

 of a solution of copper sulphate followed by spraying with Bordeaux mixture in the 

 spring after the appearance of the leaves. 



Two new leaf parasites of deciduous trees, P. Hennixgs {ZtxcJir. Pfhmzenkronk., 

 12 {1902), No. 1-2, pp. 14-16). — Descriptions are given of Septoria caraganie, n. sp., 

 which is parasitic on the leaves of Caragana arboresceyix, and of Fusanum vogelii, 

 n. sp., which occurs on the leaves of the black locust. 



Experiments in combating- dry rot of timber, E. Henky {Bui. Soc Sci. Nancy, 

 3. ser., 3 {1902), No. 2, pp. 89-99). — A report is given of experiments which have been 

 made in Austria, Russia, France, and particularly of those made in connection with 

 the forest school at Nancy, on the preserviation of timber against the dry-rot fungus 

 {Mtriilins lucrymans) by injecting or otherwise treating with various chemicals. 



A contribution to the knowledge of timber dry rot, C. von Tubeuf {Centhl. 

 Bakt. u. Par., 2. All., 9 {1902), No. 3-4, pp. 127-135, fig. i).— A number of experi- 

 ments with cultures of the dry-rot fungus {Mendmslacryrnans) are reported m which 

 the efficiency of certain fungicides for preventing the spread of dry rot was tested. 

 Copper solutions seemed to only slightly check the growth of the fungus and as Bor- 

 deaux mixture acted quite injuriously toward it the injury is attributed by the author 

 to the lime and not the copper. Formaldehyde gas did not penetrate sufficiently to 

 be of any particular service in destroying the fungus and it is not to be recommended 

 for this purpose. It did, however, prevent the fungus spreading to other objects. 



Spraying for fungus diseases, D. Wi:k-LY-\^E{.T<nir. Depi. Agr. Victoria, 1 {1902), 

 No. 7, pjp. 709-714, jjh. 2, figs. 2). — Directions are given for the preparation of Bor- 



