VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 817 



effective and satisfactory. For spraying cattle, horses, and mules for tick infestation 

 the animals are driven into narrow chutes in which they can be easily restrained and 

 the oil is then applied by means of a spray i)roduced by a force ijump. On an average 

 60 animals per hour may be sprayed in a single chute. Five or six men are required 

 for this work to manage the animals and operate pumps and s^^rays on both sides of 

 the chute. As a rule only the lower iK)rtion8 of the animal are sprayed, including 

 the dewlap, tail, feet, legs, and lower surface of the body. This is usually sufficient 

 on account of the fact that the bont ticks do not occur in large numbers on the 

 upper surface of the body. If, however, blue ticks are abundant uj)on the cattle the 

 whole surface of the body is sprayed. In these spraying experiments mechanical 

 mixtures of oil and water were soon used to replace spraying with pure oil. Good 

 results were obtained from the use of a 15 to 25 per cent mixture. It has been found 

 that 10 gal. of a mixture containing 20 })er cent of oil is sufficient for 100 cattle. The 

 usual interval between sjirayings is 12 to 14 days. It is believed that the spraying 

 must be continued for a number of years and at frequent intervals during the sum- 

 mer in order to rid the country of the present superabundance of ticks. The effect 

 of the oil upon the ticks is manifested within an hour, and by the following day the 

 majority of the ticks are dead and i)artially dried. The oil as a rule has no injuri- 

 ous effect upon the animals. 



Cattle dipping- tanks {Agr. Jour, and Min. Rec. \_Nahd'], 5 {1902), No. 10, pp. 301, 

 302, pi. 1). — A description is given, accompanied with illustrations, of a cattle dip-, 

 ping plant in operation for the destruction of the ticks which carry Texas fever. 



Preventive treatment of sheep scab, F. J. Bosc {Coinjit. Bind. Acad. Sci. Paris, 

 135 {1902), No. 9, pp>. 405, 406). — The author had previously shown the possibility 

 of immunizing sheep against infection from sheep pox. Further experiments were 

 ii.ade during which the author employed serum obtained from over-immunized 

 lambs. It was found to be desirable to choose lambs from ewes which had not been 

 immunized to this disease. The serum of lambs treated with attenuated virus was 

 found to possess immunizing properties when used in doses of 10 to 20 ce. 



Report of the chief inspector of sheep for the year 1901, A. G. Davisox 

 {Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, 21 {1902), No. 1, pp. 29-33).— On account of the 

 unsettled condition of Cape Colony, little progress Avas made during the past year in 

 eradicating sheeji scab and the disease apjieared in a nundjer of herds where it had 

 not previously been noted. In order to control the outbreaks of sheej) scab in the 

 future the author i-ecommends the appointment of competent men as sheep inspectors, 

 dipping of all stock under supervision, division of the whole country into districts, 

 the disinfection of corrals and premises, and the institution of brands and ear marks. 



Glanders, S. B. Woollatt {Agr. Jour, and Min. Rec. [Natal], 5 {1902), No. 14, 

 pp. 4^9-433). — On account of the great prevalence of glanders in Natal and in general 

 throughout South Africa the author prepared a brief account of the symptoms, 

 modes of infection and spread, period of incubation, different forms, and methods of 

 treatment of glanders. Among the horses examined cases of glanders were found 

 in horses from the late Orange Free State and in shipments from Euroi^e, Canada, 

 Unitetl States, and Australia. 



Hygiene of domesticated animals, H. George {Jour. Agr. I'rat., n. ser., 4 

 {1902), No. 35, 2)p- 275-277). — Brief notes on mechanical obstruction <>f the esopha- 

 gus in mules and on outbreaks of swine erysipelas. 



Distemper in dogs; statistics on vaccination against this disease from 

 May 15, 1901, to May 15, 1902, C. Phisalix {Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. I'aris, 134 

 {1902), No. 21, pp. 1252-1254) • — The author presents an account of the method 

 which he adopted for vaccinating young dogs against distemper. It was found that 

 vaccination produced a high degree of resistance against both natural and artificial 

 infection. As the result of extensive experiments with this method it was found 

 that the mortality in dogs thus treated was only 2.8 per 100, while in dogs which 

 were not vaccinated the mortality varied from 40 to 80 per 100. 



