822 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



is reviewed. The number of farms in 1850 was 1,449,073, and in litOO, 5,739,657. 

 The census shows a total value of farm lands and buildings in 1900 of $16,074,690,247, 

 of which 21.4 per cent was in buildings. The farms are classified by area, principal 

 source of income, value of products of 1899 not fed to live stock, tenure, and by color 

 or race of farmer. Of the total number of farms, 3,806,414 contained each 50 acres 

 or over. Of the total nunil^er, 54.9 per cent was operated by owners, 22.2 per cent 

 by share tenants, 13.1 per cent by cash tenants, 7.9 per cent l)y part owners, 0.9 per 

 cent by owners and tenants, and 1 per cent by salaried managers or overseers. "White 

 farmers operated 86.6 per cent of the total number of farms. The total value of ani- 

 mal products in 1899 was estimated at $1,718,990,221, and the total value of all crops, 

 including forest products, at $3,020,128,531. The number of persons making 

 agriculture their principal occupation was 10,438,121. 



Cotton manufactures, E. Stanwood ( Tn-eljth Census United States, Census Bui. 215, 

 pp.66). — In 1900 cotton manufactures represented a capital of $460,842,772, invested 

 in 973 establishments and including the value of land, buildings, machinery, tools, 

 and implements, exclusive of the cai)ital stock of any of the corporations. The prod- 

 ucts of the industry represented a value of $332,806, 156. The figures for the manufac- 

 ture of cotton small wares are not included in the above statement. Of this class 

 there were 82 establishments with a capital of $6,397,385, with products amounting in 

 value to $6,394,164. The total value of products in 1900 was 5.5 times as nmch as in 

 1850. The industry was then the leading manufacturing interest of the country and 

 still holds that rank. Detailed statistics of the industry, including such items as 

 imports and exports, the growth of the industry from decade to decade, its geograph- 

 ical distribution, the number of employees and their wages, together with other 

 important data, are given in tables. 



Historical development and present condition of agriculture in Roumania, 

 C. JoKMEscu {Iiiauij. I>iM., Viiir. Bonn, 1901, pp. 151). 



Chang-es in agricultural management in Wurttemberg- during the latter 

 half of the nineteenth century, F. Fraxck {Inauij. Bi'<s., Unir. .Jena, 1902, pp. 100, 

 map 1). — This work treats mainly of the changes which have taken place during the 

 period in the acreage cultivated by the individual farmer, and in the conditions 

 affecting the culture of crops and the raising of live stock. 



Decreasing the culture of grain in favor of stock raising, E. von Rechen- 

 BEKG {Inaug. Diss., Unir. Jena, 1902, pp. 79). — This treatise compares the results of 

 grain farming and stock raising and discusses under what conditions either the one 

 or the other is profital»le. A general review of agricultural conditions in Germany 

 is also given. 



Determination of net profits in agriculture, L. Hlschke {Inaug. Diss., Univ. 

 Jena, 1901, pp. 43). — The economic phase of farming is considered in detail and cal- 

 culations showing the net profits for small, medium, and large farms under conditions 

 existing in middle Thuringia are presented. This dissertation forms part of a report 

 on the conditions of German agriculture. An investigation of this subject was 

 authorized by the Government. 



Nature study ( Ontario Agr. Col. and Expt. Farm Bui. 12 f, pp. 79, figs. 96) , — This 

 bulletin includes a series of articles written by members of the staff of the Ontario 

 Agricultural College for the purpo.se of presenting " items of information and simple 

 commonplace incidents regarding natural objects, m the hope of interesting . . . 

 young people and inducing teachers to undertake such work in the Public and High 

 Schools of the Province." The following subjects are discussed in a way which ena- 

 bles young readers to understand them: The origin, composition, and use of soil; the 

 growth of plant roots; the growth of wheat; bread making; the yeast plant; butter 

 making; bee keeping; apple growing; sugar production from the maple tree and the 

 sugar beet; poultry raising; the cabbage butterfly; a number of common birds, and 

 horse training. 



