ENTOMOLOGY. 885 



ami l)y otlxT iiu'tliods so as to lumciit the iiikIuc spread of tlic insects. Tlie species 

 wliieh were found to be specially injurious to cereals were /'In/llolnia vittiila, Rhhn- 

 gli/jiJins rfliinojrua, Osciids frit, Oiceoptimui npani, etc. Notes are also given on insects 

 wliich were most conspicuous as enemies of garden crops, fruit trees, and ornamen- 

 tals. Brief notes are given on injuries from ants. 



Report of the State entomolog-ist for 1901, S. LXmpa {Ent. T'uhh:,23 {1902), 

 No. 2-S, })}). i)'>-llC), fiijx. 6). — As usual in these reports, the author presents an 

 account of the insect injuries to various crops in different parts of Sweden, together 

 with special notes on insects of unusual importance. In the present report notes 

 are given on a large number of injurious insects, including gypsy moth, nun, diamond- 

 back moth, cabbage butterfly, blister beetles, cutworms, Affrioles linealus, Meloloniha 

 rnlf/arin, pea weevil, bean weevil, Apion apriccws, Tomicns dispar, codling moth, 

 ArgiireMlihi rnnjtigella, etc. Notes are also presented on experiments in si)raying 

 various crops with Paris green and pyrethrum. 



Report on the -work of the section of plant protection from April 1, 



1901, to March 31, 1902, C. Hhkk {SUi. I'fdnzenxclnitz, Ihtuilnirg, 4 {l9<)l-2), 

 p]>. 1-10). — The number of packages of apples introduced from America during the 

 year was ;50,684. Of this number, 4,095 were infected with San Jos6 scale. The 

 percentage of infested fruit varied greatly according to the part of the United States 

 from which they came, 8.96 per cent of the ajaples from the Eastern States, 25.72 per 

 cent of those from California, and 99.55 per cent of those from Oregon being infested. 

 The San Jose scale and other scale insects were also found to a slight extent on other 

 fruits from North and South America. No specimens of San Jose scale were found 

 upon living plants or parts of plants introduced from the United States. 



Notes on certain injurious insects, A. Hem pel {Bol. Agr. Sao Paulo, 3. ser., 



1902, No. 4, pp. 237-255). — The author presents an analytical table for identifying 

 the various groups belonging to Hemiptera and Homoptera. Special attention is 

 given to biological and economic notes on injurious plant lice and scale insects. 

 The insecticides most strongly recommended for destroying these insects include 

 kerosene emulsion, sheep dip, and carbon bisulphid. 



The chang-a, or mole cricket ( Scapteriscus didactylus ) , in Porto Rico, 

 O. W. Bakrett {Porto lUcn Sto. Bnl. 2, pp. 20, fig. 1). — This insect is described in its 

 various stages and notes are given on its life history, hal)its, and the most ajjjiroved 

 means for combating it. The eggs are laid in the underground galleries of the insect 

 from a few inches to a foot or more beneath the surface of the ground. The eggs are 

 dei)Osited from January to March and hatch in about 2 weeks. The immature 

 changa seldom leaves the soil, but adults are frequently seen, especially at night. 

 The adnit males may be readily attracted to lights. The plants which are most 

 injured liy changa are cane, tobacco, and rice. Other crops are somewhat damaged, 

 such as tomato, eggplant, cabbage, etc. The insect was not considered a serious pest 

 until after 1S7(>. It is less injurious in the mountain districts where the soil is clayey 

 than in the sandy loams of the valleys. The greatest injuries are done from October 

 to December. 



A large number of remedies have been tried against this insect, with various results. 

 Tobacco ])lants may be protected by a wrapping of leaves of Mammea americana, or 

 wire gauze. Cheese cloth, mulches of tobacco stems beneath the surface, pomace 

 from castor-oil presses, and coal-tar barriers have been tried, without much success. 

 Clean cultivation is effective if persisted in for some time. Lantern traps which 

 emit an intense light have been found quite useful in attracting the insects. Naph"- 

 thalin is found to be one of the best repellant remedies. Carbon iMsulphid was 

 effective, but rather too expensive. Creosote and creolin exhiljit little or no repel- 

 lent action. Kerosene appeared to l)e effec'tive, l)ut injure<l tlie plants to some extent. 

 The l;)est artificial remedy was found t<j be a })oison bait prepared by sprinklljig 



