888 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



on the external anatomical cliaraeterH of the genu? Leeaniinn with special reference 

 to features whicli nia}' he used in distinguishinj? the species. A numher of sj ^cies of 

 this genus are descrihed l)y way of illustration of the use of these anatomical fea- 

 tures, and an analytical ki^y is presented for tlie identification of the species described. 



The development of the cherry fly, K. Sa.to {Promethrut^, 14 {1903), No. 679, 

 pp. 33, 5^).— Notes are given on the life history and habits of Spll(i;/rapha cenm. In 

 the opinion of the author it is still douljtful whether there are two different races of 

 this species, of which one completes its life cycle in 1 year while the other requires 

 2 years for full development. 



The frit fly (Oscinis frit) ( Landtmannen, 14 [1903), No. 4, pp. 57-60). 



The grape-root worm — further experiments and cultural suggestions, M. V. 

 SLiN(iERLANi) aud J. Craig [Ncv) York CorncU Sto. Bui. 20S, pp. 173-200, pth. cS").— The 

 present distribution of this species is from the Middle States to Dakota and south to 

 Florida ai}d Texas. In New York it has proved injurious only in Chautau(iua County, 

 where it ai>pears to attack chiefly vineyards which have been neglected from a cul- 

 tural standpoint. Many vines are killed outriglit and most of them are weakened so 

 that they are practically ruined. Notes are given on the life history and habits of 

 the beetle. The natural enemies of this insect in New' York so far as observed are 

 chickens, ants, and a few species of birds. 



The remedial measures undertaken by the authors included fertilizer experiments 

 and attempts to use native grape roots resistant to the attacks of the grubs. The 

 roots of a number of native types of American grai)es liave been used and subse- 

 quently grafted with the standard varieties grown in Chautauqua County, Ijut 2 or 3 

 years will be required before definite results are known. Experiments with fertilizers 

 indicate that many injured vineyards can be invigorated l)y proper application of 

 these substances. The best results were o])tained from thorough cultivation of the 

 soil. It is believed that if the soil is cultivated thoroughly in June and July the 

 grape-root worm will be prevented from becoming a serious pest. The cases in wdiich 

 the pupjfi lie are thus broken up and the insects fail to reach the adult stage. Experi- 

 ments with insecticides were not so favorable, and the authors believe that more can 

 be done by cultivation than by the use of poisoned sprays. Jarring the l)eetles was 

 found to be a laborious method, and while more or less effective is not considered 

 very practicable for ordinary use. Brief notes are given on the fertilizers test adapted 

 for use in vineyards and on the j^roper cultural methods. 



Tortrix pilleriana, J. Dufour {Chron. Agr. Canton Vand, 15 {1902), No. 24, pp. 

 682-68S, Jir/x. 7; 16 {1903), No. 2, pp. 31-34).— -^ method much used in certain parts 

 of France for controlling this in.sect consists in the application of hot water to the 

 pruned grapevines. In recent years a number of experiments have been made with 

 solutions of acids, during which sulphuric,, nitric, and hydrochloric acids were used. 

 The best results were obtained by spraying the grape stock with a 10 per cent solu- 

 tion of sulphuric acid in water. 



Insects affecting- forest trees, H. Osborn (.Jour. Columbus Ilort. Soc, 17 {1902), 

 No. 3, pp. 79-92). — Notes on the habits and life history of bark beetles, banded 

 hickory borer, white ants, San Jose scale, periodical cicada, dog-day cicada, willow 

 sawfly, walnut caterpillar, fall webworm, white-marked tussock moth, Cecropia 

 moth, American silkworm, bagworm, Notodoutn conrinna, and N. unicornis. 



On the ravages of the spruce spinner (Bombyx pini), W. M. Schoyen (iVbr.s/- 

 Landiiiandshlad, 21 {1902), No. 48, pp. 577-582). 



The biology of red spiders, R. von Hanstein {Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. , 12 {1902), 

 No. 1-2, p}>. 1-7). — Notes are given on the habits and life history of TetranyHiu.t 

 telarius and T. (dthcex. These species are said to cause considerable injury to shade 

 trees in Berlin and other cities wliere the author made investigation. The dry 

 weather was favorable to the development and multiplication f)f l)oth si)ecies. In 

 combating these mites the author recommends the use of those remedies which are 



