HORTICULTURE. 969 



practice of tying the scion to the stock is recommended. At the beginning of the 

 second season all of the stock above the scion should be smoothly cut off and covered 

 with melted grafting wax to prevent decay. 



Transplanting with budded stock should not be attempted until the third year on 

 account of the danger involved in interfering with the growth of the tap root of the 

 tree. If budding is practiced when the seedling is 2 years old the tree should remain 

 unmoved until the end of the growing season the following year. In removing the 

 tree the retention of the roots for at least 2^ ft. belOwthe surface of the soil is desira- 

 ble. As soon as the roots are removed from the soil they should be dipped in litiuid 

 mud, after which they should be promptly wrapped in damp sacking, moss, or other 

 like material, and kept in a moist I'ondition until planting time. Before planting 

 they should be again plunged in li(|iiiil mud. Excessive trimming of either the 

 branches or the roots of the tree at tnuisi)Ianting time should Ite avoided. At least 

 one healthy undisturbed shoot of the previous season must l)e left on tlie plant 

 untouched "because the large plump axillary buds near tin; tip of the shoot will 

 come into leaf with greater certainty and more quickly than will older buds on cut- 

 back growths." 



Experiments with manures for chrysanthemums, (i. Tkikf.\ut {Jour. &jc. 

 Nat. Hori. France, 4- ser., 3 {1902), Dec, pp. 822-832, fitjH. 5; ahx. in Gard. Chron., 3. 

 ser., 33 {1903), No. 848, p. 200; Amer. Florist, 20 {1903), No. 77'>, pp. 418-420).— An 

 account is given of the results of pot experiments in the culture of chrysanthemums 

 in 10 different localities in France with various combinations of fertilizers. In every 

 instance the soil used was analyzed before the experiment began. The results of 

 these analyses, together with the growth of the plants on the soils when differently 

 fertilized, are reported in detail. 



The variety Madame Gustav Henry was generally grown. Tlie plants were 

 trained, some to 3 branches, some to 6 branches, and some were not dislnidded at 

 all. Four plants were used in each instance as controls, 4 received a complete fer- 

 tilizer, 4 a double quantity of complete fertilizer, 4 a complete fertilizer without 

 nitrogen, 4 a complete fertilizer without potash, and 4 a complete fertilizer without 

 phosphoric acid. At the time of potting the various fertilizers were thoroughly 

 mixed with the soil. They consisted of 25 per cent fish guano, 16 per cent dried 

 blood, 24 per cent sulphate of potash, and 35 per cent double superphosphate. This 

 mixture analyzed 45 per cent nitrogen, 11 in 12 pei" cent potash, and 15 to 16 per 

 cent phosphoric acid. Later in the season a solution of fertilizer was used for water- 

 ing the 2)lants made up of 54 per cent phosphate of potash and 46 i>er cent nitrate of 

 soda, analyzing 6.9 per cent nitrogen, 14.04 per cent potash, and 20.52 per cent jihos- 

 phoric acid. The fertilizers mixed with the soil were used in the projiortion of 900 

 gm. to 100 kg. of soil. In the solutions 2 gm. per liter was used. 



In the fall of 1902 each of the cultivators presented at a meeting <>( tlie horticul- 

 tural society a specimen plant representing the average of the results obtained in 

 each experiment. One of the experimenters had employed white sterile sand for 

 the experiment in growing the plants, the object being to study the specific effect 

 of each of the essential fertilizer elements. The object sought by remaining experi- 

 menters was to study the influence of the complete and supplementary fertilizers in 

 soils of known composition and also the influence of climate on the action of fer- 

 tilizers and the culture of the same variety. 



The l)est results secured when sterile white sand was used were with a complete 

 fertilizer. Plants without potash stood next, then those witliout nitrogen, while the 

 poorest result of all was obtained when phosphoric acid was omitted. The plants 

 without phosphoric acid were chlorotic, and had weak stems and small flowers. 

 When potash was omitted from the complete fertilizer the plants had a weak habit, 

 the leaves were large, thick, and green, but soft and easily fell from the plant. The 

 stems were large and hollow and the flowers large but of bad form. When nitrogen 



