988 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. 



infestation were observed on plats thus treated: After lime, 25 per cent; after lime 

 and Paris green, 31 per cent; after Bordeaux mixture, 19 per cent; after kerosene 

 emulsion, 9 per cent; untreated trees being infested to the extent of 38 per cent. The 

 author believes that kerosene emulsion might be used on a large scale with good results. 

 It was also found that plowing to a depth of 6 in. greatly reduced the numl)er of 

 flies which emerged. The number of broods of Hessian fly in Kentucky is believed 

 to be 3 per year. Barley was attacked about as l)adly as wheat, while rye was but 

 little infested. Brief notes are also given on laoKoma grande. The author recom- 

 mends that in order to prevent severe injury in the fall from the Hessian fly wheat 

 should not be planted l^efore C)ctoljer 6. 



Woolly aphis or American blight, AV. ^\^ FKocuiAXT {Ayr. Guz. Neio South 

 W(xles, 14 {1903), No. 1, pj). 18-25, figs. 5). — The author presents a brief account of 

 the history and distribution of this insect. A few experiments were made in com- 

 bating the pest. It was found that by scraping away the earth for a distance of 2 ft. 

 around the trunk and exposing the main roots, 3 lbs. of tobacco leaf laid upon the 

 roots and again covered with dirt was sufficient to destroy the insect. It is con- 

 sidered advisable to cut off the larger galls before applying the tobacco. Treatment 

 with bisulphid of carbon was found to be exceedingly effective, but rather too expensive 

 for the ordinary orchardist. A brief l)iljliography of articles relating to the woolly 

 aphis is also given. 



Investigating' the codling worm, M. O. Cole {Missouri State Hort. Soc. Rpt. 1902, 

 pp. 318-320). — By the use of bands the author determined that a large percentage of 

 the larva; of the codling moth crawl down the trunks of the infested trees and may 

 be caught under bands. On 1 tree 400 larvee were captured in tliis way, and it is 

 estimated that this was only a portion of the worms which infested apples on that 

 tree. 



The periodical cicada and its occurrence in Maryland in 1902, A. L. Quaint- 

 ANCE {Margland Sta. Bui. 87,p>p. 65-116, p>ls. 3, figs. 17). — The author discusses the 

 life history, egg laying, and feeding habits of this insect. Considerable injury may 

 be done by the punctures produced by the cicada while feeding. Both sexes were 

 found to have functional stomachs in which the sap of trees was found by dissecting 

 specimens. Notes are given on the 2 races of cicada and on the dwarf variety, and 

 the insect is described in its various stages. A brief account is presented of the 

 natural enemies of the cicada, the other broods which occur in the State, and detailed 

 notes are given on the distribution of the swarm which occurred in 1902. In com- 

 bating this insect the author recommends that special attention be given to trees dur- 

 ing the coming winter and spring, in order to prevent further injury to the trees by 

 the woolly aphis, which locates upon the scars caused by the cicada. The adults may 

 be destroyed by kerosene emulsion or pyrethrum powder, but where they occur in 

 large numbers no remedy is perfectly effective. 



Insect enemies of the redwood, A. D. Hopkins {U. S. Dept. Agr., Jhirmit of 

 Forestry Bui. 38, j)p. 32-40, Jigs. 4)- — Descriptive and economic notes are presented 

 on Vesjmminia sequolx, PJdceosinus sequoiic, P. cuj)ressi, P. cristaius, and white ants. 

 The literature upon the su])ject of in.sect enemies of the redwood is rather meager 

 and the species mentioned include the most important ones which attack these trees. 

 Few attempts have been made to control these insects and the recommendations 

 regarding remedies are therefore confined largely to an outline of ])reventive measui'es. 

 It appears from observations made by a immber of persons that the California 

 redwood is immune to the attacks of white ants. 



Insect enemies of the evergreens, E. A. Popenoe {Indnstriidist, 29 {1003), No. 

 17, p>p. 263-273). — Notes are given on the habits and life history of Tomicus caco- 

 graphus, Chalcophorn vlrginiensis, Monohaiiiinus cunfusor, pine-scale louse, red spider on 

 cedar trees, Monoctinus unicolor, Phlceosinus dentatus, etc. 



