VETEKINAKY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 1017 



ciilous. Notes are given on the liistory, care, and stabling of tlie herd. The animals 

 were fed in the stable throughout the year. The herd consisting of 102 animals, 

 was tested with tuberculin; of this number 76, or 74 per cent, gave a decided reaction; 

 10 of the animals which showed physical symptoms of tuberculosis also reacted to 

 tuberculin, and of these 10, 5 were found to be unfit for food, while in the other the 

 tuberculous alterations were confined to the lymphatic; glands or were otherwise 

 localized. The nonreacting animals were placed in a stable l)y themselves, after 

 thorough disinfection of the premises, and the tulx-rculons herd was kept isolated 

 and was cared for by sei:)arate attendants. 



A series of experiments was made in testing the infectiveness of the milk of react- 

 ing animals by feeding and inoculation in guinea pigs. The literature of this subject 

 is critically discussed by the author. In experiments made by the author a sample 

 of milk was taken from each cow daily, the number of cows being 66. The milk 

 was fed to guinea pigs and the centrifugalized cream was inoculated intraabdominally. 

 Cover-glass preparations were also made from the sediment of botli the milk and 

 cream and were examined under the microscope after staining. The quantity of 

 milk injected was from 1 to 3 cc. in each guinea i)ig. In a subse<iuent examination 

 of the inoculated guinea pigs acid-pi-oof ])acteria other than tubercle T)acilli were 

 found in only 3 cases. Various other micro-organisms were found in connection 

 with ]\Ioeller's grass bacillus. Among the 43 guinea pigs which were used as check 

 animals in the experiments no case of tuberculosis developed. The author gives 

 condensed statistics concerning each cow and the experiments made with her milk. 

 From the feeding and inoculation experiments it was found that the milk of 9 differ- 

 ent cows produced fatal tuberculosis when fed to guinea pigs, while the same result 

 was obtained in 13 instances from intraabdominal injection. By combining the 

 results from feeding and inoculation experiments it was found that 12 of the 56 react- 

 ing cows, or 21.4 per cent at one time or another gave milk which contained virulent 

 tubercle bacilli. The virulence of the milk increased with the advancement of the 

 disease. The asylum authorities decided to sell the reacting animals as soon as they 

 became dry and thus gradually reduce the herd. After 6 months a second tuljerculin 

 test was made; of the 26 cows which were injected, 25 of whicjli had failed to react 

 in a previous test, 8 gave a decided reaction. A third injection 3 months later in 18 

 cows produced no reaction in any case. The author concludes from these experi- 

 ments that the tubercle bacillus may be present in the milk of tuberculous cows 

 without an affection of the udder, that tubercle ])acilli may be excreted from such 

 animals in sufficient numbers to produce fatal infection in experimental animals. It 

 was found that the number of tubercle bacilli in the milk varies from day to day. 

 The author recommends that "the milk of all cows whic^h have reacted to the tuber- 

 c-ulin test should be considered as suspicious and should be subjected to sterilization 

 before using. Still better, tuberculous cows should not be used for general dairy 

 purposes." 



Human, and bovine tuberculosis, N. Raw {British Med. Jour., 1903, No. 2196, 

 pp. 247, 248). — During the i)ast 5 years the author has had under his care 1,750 

 human patients suffering with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis and 273 

 children affected with tabes mesenterica. Post-mortem examination and l)acterio- 

 logical studies were made on a large number of these ca.ses and inoculation experi- 

 ments were conducted with the material thus obtained. As a result of the author's 

 studies it is concluded that there are 2 distinct varieties of tuberculosis which affect 

 man, one produced by the human tubercle and the other Ity the bovine tu1)ercle. 

 It is believed that these 2 forms of tuberculosis, while separate and distinct, may 

 both affect man, the true human tuberculosis being usually the pulmonary form and 

 bovine tuberculosis occurring ordinarily as an affection of the mesenteric glands and 

 the alimentary tract. It is believed by the author that true human tuberculosis is 

 always transmitted from one person to another by infection, but that every effort 



