1096 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ity of the young scales were destroyed without injury to the trees. The author con- 

 cludes from his experiments that the best method of treatment of orchard trees, 

 where they are small, is by fumigation, while lime-sulphur-salt wash is the most 

 satisfactory and effective spraying material. 



San Jose scale, E. D. Sanderson {Delaware Sta. Bui. 58, pp. 16, jiJs. 4)- — This 

 insect is described and notes are given on its origin, life history, means of distribu- 

 tion, and food plants. The remedies suggested by the author are cutting and prun- 

 ing badly infested trees and treating other trees with kerosene emulsion, mechanical 

 mixtures of kerosene or crude petroleum with water, whale-oil soap, and lime- 

 sulphur-salt wash. Plum and ])ears treated with a mixture of crude petr'oleum 

 containing 20 to 25 per cent of oil killed the scales without injuring the leaves. 

 Fumigation with hydrocyanic gas is recommended as the most satisfactorj' treat- 

 ment for small and medium sized trees. 



Canadian experience in the use of lime, sulphur, and salt for San Jose 

 scale, G. E. Fisher {Proe. WeM. Neiv York Hurt. Sue. 1902, pp. 134-137, Jigs. 

 2) . — Brief notes are given on the use f)f crude petroleum, kerosene, and kerosene 

 emulsion in the destruction of San Jose scale, together with an account of the use 

 and value of the lime-sulphur-salt wash for this purpose. The latter remedy was 

 found to be very ss-tisfactory and is recommended as being perfectly effective and 

 safe, even when applied by ordinary farm workmen. 



Notes on lime-sulphur-salt wash as an insecticide, C. W. Mally {Ent. News, 

 13 [190.2), No. 7, pp. 223-230). — The author's experiments with this insecticide in 

 combating Diaspis pentagona in Cape Colony is briefly related. Various formulte were 

 used, in which the amount of lime was varied and in some of which the sulphur and 

 in others the salt and sulphur were omitted. From the author's experiments it is 

 concluded that none of these formulai is very efficient under South African condi- 

 tions in the destruction of D. pentagona in the adult condition. The young larvte are 

 destroyed for a period of 3 months after the application. Frequent rains seem to 

 have a favorable action upon the effectiveness of the insecticide. 



Insect enemies of the apple tree and its fruit, L. Bruner ( Trans. Amer. Apple 

 Growers' Cong., 1902, pip. 100-106). — Notes on the extent of insect injuries to apples 

 throughout the country, together with a brief account of general remedies to be 

 applied in controlling these insects and an analytical key for use in determining the 

 various species. 



Tent caterpillars, W. N. Hutt ( Utah State Fanners' Inst. Rpt. 1902, pp. 70-74, 

 Jig. 1). — The tent caterpillar is reported as causing great injury to the terminal 

 branches of fruit trees. Notes are given on the habits, life history, and remedies for 

 this species. 



A study of the parasites of the American tent caterpillar, W. F. Fiske (Neii: 

 Hampshire Sta. Tecli. Bid. 6, pp. 181-230, Jigs. 7). — The author made continued obser- 

 vations on the parasites of the American tent caterpillar for a period of 4 years. It is 

 estimated that the average number of caterpillars destroyed by parasites annually 

 varies from 15 to 20 per cent. In 1900 it was 17.4 per cent. A table is given show- 

 ing the comparative seasonal abundance of the 11 primary parasites of the tent 

 caterpillar which were studied by the author. The primary parasites are as follows: 

 Pimpla conquisitor, P. inquisitor, P. 2)edalis, Limneria fagitira, a species of Anomalon, 

 Amelortonus clisiocampie, Cryptus extrematus, Rhogas mtermedias, Bracon gelechias, 

 Diglocliis omnirorus, and Apauteles cUsiorampif. The latter species and Ameloctonus 

 are described as new. A number of the primary parasites serve in turn as hosts to 

 secondary parasites, or sometimes become themselves secondary parasites. Notes 

 are given on a number of the more important secondary and tertiary parasites. 



Grapevine-root worm, E. P. Felt {New York State Mus. Bui. 59, 1902, pp. 49-84, 

 pis. 6). — An outbreak of this insect occurred in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in the 

 neighborhood of Ripley, where about 80 acres of grapes were destroyed. The infested 



