1120 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



tubenailosis to cattle, the problem of the unity of tubercle l)acilli, the relative viru- 

 lence of this organism, the criterion of infection, and Arloing's criticism of Koch's 

 experiments. 



The author's experiments were arranged in -4 series for the purjjose of testing 4 

 methods (if transmitting human tuVjerculosis to cattle. In the first series the ani- 

 mals were i('i\ on tuberculous sputum; in the second series calves were inoculated 

 with material from caseous cervical glands of human origin; in the third series 

 similar experiments were made, and also experiments in the subcutaneous inocula- 

 tion of tul)erculous sputum, intravenous inoculation of the same, and inhalation of 

 tuberculous sputum; in the fourth series experiments were made for the purpose of 

 determining whether human tubercle l)acilli gain in virulence by being transferred 

 from one bovine to another. 



The general conclusions drawn from tlicse numerous ex})crinu'nts may be sum- 

 marized as follows: Human tubercle bacilli, although not so virulent for calves as 

 the bovine form, may nevertheless be successfully inoculated in cattle. This state- 

 ment is true whether the material is derived from lymphatic glands, tuberculous 

 lungs, sputum, or urine. Positive results in infection are obtained whether the 

 material is introduced by way of the mouth, by subcutaneous inoculation, intravenous 

 inoculation, or l)y respiring a spray containing tiacilli. The lymphatic system is 

 always involved in these cases of experimental tuberculosis, and in general the 

 organs most affected are those nearest the point of inoculation. Tubercle ])acilli of 

 human origin when transferred to cah-es gain greatly in virulence by this process. 

 The author believes, therefore, that his results favor the view that tlie ])ovine and 

 human tubercle bacillus are identical, although somewhat differently modified by 

 the difference in environment. 



Transmission of human tuberculosis to cattle, C. O. Jensen (Maanedsslr. 

 Dijrhrgcr, 1// {inoj), Xn. !), jij>. oJ7-5.)4). — The author presents summary accounts of 

 a nund)er of ex])eriments in which different authors have succeeded in transmitting 

 human tulierculosis to cattle. 



On the infectivity of the milk of tuberculous cows, the bacteriological 

 diagnosis, and the practical value of tuberculin in the extirpation of tuber- 

 culosis among cattle, Lvdia Rabinowitsch [Jonr. Comp. Path, and Tlicr., 15 

 {1902), Xo. S, pp. 20'J-21d). — This article is of a controversial nature and is largely 

 occupie(l with a discussion of the importance of the milk from tuberculous cows as a 

 factor in human tuberculosis. Since, in the experience of the author and many 

 other investigators, tubercle bac-illi are frequently found in the milk of tuberculous 

 cows, it is urged that all means should be used for exterminating animals which may 

 yield milk containing tubercle bacilli. This method includes the destruction of all 

 animals suffering from mammary tuberculosis and a strict quarantine of animals 

 in which a chnical diagnosis can he established only by the help of tuberculin. 

 The time at which the latter class of animals should ])e killed will depend njion the 

 rapidity of the course of tuberculosis. 



Milk from tuberculous co-ws, J. M. Yoi'Nti {Tntnx. Highland and Agr. Sor. Scut- 

 land, 5. ser., 15 {1903), pp. 212-216). — During the experiments reported by the 

 author 17 among about 60 cows reacted to the tuberculin test. Among this number 

 4 were found to exhibit tuVjerculosis of the udder. From numerous inocidation 

 experiments with the milk of these cows it was found that milk from cows affected 

 with tuberculosis of other organs than the mammary glands possessed no virulence 

 and was not capable of producing tuberculosis when inoculated into guinea pigs. 

 The milk from cows suffering from mammary tuberculosis, however, was in all 

 instances virulent and jjroduced the disease in guinea pigs. 



Should the use of the meat and milk of tuberculous animals as food be 

 absolutely prohibited? L. del Rio {Vet. Eqvin., 45 {1902), Nos. 1611, pp. :iS.)-o85; 



