VETEEINARY SCIENCE AND PEACTICE. 1127 



and asses led the author to beUeve that the i>rinciple of inmmnization r^.gainst African 

 tsetse-fly disease has been found. In the process of immunization advantage was 

 taken of the i)roperties of the nagana parasites to become accustomed to the host, 

 and in this way the virulence of the parasites tiiward a given species of animals was 

 somewhat attenuated. A numlier of species of ( ilossina and Stomoxys were found, 

 and brief notes are given upon these insects. 



The American surra or naal de caderas, F. Sivoki and E. Lecler (An. Min. 

 Agr. Argentina, Zoot. Bad. ^'et. y ZooL, 1 {1902), No. 1, pp. 79, pis. 51). — The disease 

 which passes under the name of mal de caderas has been known in differenfparts of 

 South America, especially Brazil and Argentine, for a number of years. It is believed 

 to have appeared first in the island of Marajo at the mouth fTf the Amazon. The 

 earliest report concerning its ravages was made in 1860, and a number of outl)reaks 

 occurred during that time and recent years. The most serious outbreaks, however, 

 have taken plat-e since 1897. The authors describe in detail the symptoms of the 

 disease as seen in spontaneous cases. Perhaps the most pronounced symptom is that 

 of progressive anemia accompanied with irregular gait and partial paralysis of the 

 posterior parts. There is usually an increased sensitiveness in the loins. So far as 

 the authors have been al)le to observe the disease is uniformly fatal. A number of 

 autopsies were made and detailed notes are given on the results of these examinations. 

 The Trypanosoma, which is the cause of this disease, is closely related to those 

 which are already known to be i)athogenic for domestic animals, but is believed to 

 be distinct from related sjjecies. Some days it may be found in large numliers in 

 the blood, and on other days it may be entirely absent. The cause of this great 

 fluctuation is not Avell understood. Notes are given on the biology and morphology 

 of this parasite. The blood organism is able to live in shed blood for at least 4 days. 

 Agglomeration of the parasites was observed in preparations of the blood of badly 

 infested horses, in the peritoneum of inoculate! guinea pigs, and in the blood of 

 infected cats. The organism may be transmitted artifically to horses, mules, and 

 various other species of mammals. The progress of the disease is rapid in rats, mice, 

 and monkeys, while it is considerably slower in horses, cats, guinea pigs, ral)l)it9, 

 and dogs. In goats the disease appears to assume a chronic form, while birds and 

 batrachia i^roved to be refractory. The disease appears naturally in horses and 

 mules. The blood parasite may be transmitted by a species of Tabanus not deter- 

 mined, by Miisca hrava, or by species of Stomoxys. Mal de caderas is consiilered 

 l>y the authors as being closely related U^ nagana and almost or ])erhaps quite 

 identical with Asiatic surra. 



The development of nagana and its variations according- to the species of 

 animal, A. Laveran and F. [NIesxil {Rev. Yd. Toitli,iise, 27 {1902), Nos. 9, jip. 569- 

 5S0 ; 10, pp. G.'f7-G5S; ll,2^p. 714-728). — The author describes in detail the symptoms 

 of nagana as observed in rats, mice, dogs, monkeys, ral)bits, guinea pigs, horses, 

 cattle, sheep, and goats. 



Trypanosoma disease other than dourine in Algeria, M. Buffard and G. 

 ScHXEiDEK {lii-c. Mi'd. Yd., S. .s(/'., 9 {1902), Xo. 2-', pp. 721-727). — In experiments 

 which the authors undertook for the purpose of studying a supposed outbreak of 

 dnurine it was found that the organism with which they were working differed in 

 its effects upon laboratory animals from that of dourine. The exact identity of the 

 disease was not determined, but the possibility is suggested that the disease may 

 prove to be surra. 



Contribution to the serum diagnosis of glanders, M. A. Eabieaux {.Tour. 

 Mid. Yet. d.Zootech., 5. ser., 6 {1902), Aug., pp. 40.J-471).— As a result of the author's 

 investigations of this subject it is concluded that there is a marked difference between 

 the agglutinating power of sera from glanderous and nonglanderous horses, and that 

 this difference is sufficient to form a basis for the experimental diagnosis of glanders. 

 Whenever the serum proves to be capable of producing agglutination when used in 



