i8o4] PIN US AU ST III AC A. 197 



Almost every tree that might be supposed to be endowed with a 

 chance of vitahty in such an exposure has been tried in suc- 

 cession — Beech, Norway INIaple, Sycamore, Birch, the Wild 

 Cherry, Mountain Ash, and Whitebeam (I am speaking of 

 specimens well-chosen and stocky, about ten feet high), but the 

 result has been, as might have been foreseen, a disastrous failure. 

 But what I did not foresee was that Pinus Austriaca has succeeded 

 in every case. 



I select, from the old clumps, trees which would otherwise have 

 to be cut down to n^akc way for others in the process of thinning, 

 and remove them to their future sites without any lyreparatiou . 

 My transplanting apparatus is an extremely simple one, con- 

 structed by the village blacksmith, and borrowed from a model 

 which I originally saw in use by my friend and neighbour, Mr. 

 Bonham-Carter, late M.P. for Winchester, and Chairman of 

 Committees in the House of Commons ; than whom no man in 

 Hampshire knows more about trees. However, for specimens of 

 this size, — 10 to 12 or 15 feet — no special machinery is required. 

 The great thing is to move them with a great ball, preserving as 

 far as possible the fibrous roots. I must repeat that, when so 

 removed, I have not found one of them to fail in the most exposed 

 situations, and on the poorest chalk soil. The first year they 

 naturally do but little; but the second year they are quite at home. 



Of course this process could not be adopted on a large scale 

 as it w^ould be too expensive. I merely mention it for the benefit 

 of those w^ho wish to form at once a few groups of handsome 

 young trees on bald and elevated spots near their abode. For 

 this purpose the Pinus Austriaca is, in my experience, unique. 

 Those who do not happen to have at their disposal specimens 

 suitable for removal, can buy them at good nurseries at an average 

 cost of 3s. Gd. a head. I have tried these also, and found them 

 succeed well ; but as, of course, there are no balls to them, they vnW 

 require very careful staking. AATiere there are cattle or horses, 

 they will have to be protected by wattle or other fences. Against 

 sheep, I do not fence at all. 



The Pinus sylvestris (Scotch Fir) does not transplant nearly so 

 well. The Laricio I have not tried, to any extent, but the results 

 have been fair. The Cemhra will also succeed at times, as also 

 the Pinus Jcffreyi. But all are very uncertain ; whereas Pinus 

 Austriaca is,with care, a certainty. 



