1884.] FOREST BOTANY IN NORWAY. 425 



still ripens. la the south of Norway it grows to an elevation of 

 500 metres above the level of the sea. 



The Mountain Ash, Sorbus aucuparia,\j.,Pyrus awci^^ana, Gaerton, 

 is very frequently met with everywhere in Norway, and in ordinary 

 summer its frnit comes to maturity. On mountains it extends to the 

 limits of the Birch, when it stops. Witii its branches of red berries, 

 ■which offer a food greatly sought after by birds in great numbers 

 it gives to the mountain slopes in winter a peculiar and animated 

 appearance. 



In supplying such details, we are drifting away from the consider- 

 ation of what are generally known as forest trees to what are generally 

 known as wild fruits ; and why not ? With these may be mentioned 

 several others. 



The Crab Apple, Pynis mains, L., is met with here and there in a 

 wild state up to the island of Yteros, in the Drontheirafjord, 63°49 ' N.; 

 in the south it does not extend above 500 metres of altitude. 



The Gean, or Wild Cherry, Prunus avium is met with in the 

 interior of the Sogne fjord, at Urutes, where there is a small wood 

 of it, 12 metres or 40 feet high, and 50 centimetres, or 20 inches 

 thick. 



The Bird-Cherry, Primus padas, L., is generally diffused through- 

 out the whole of Norway, even to the Tanaelv, in Ost Finmark. 

 70''20' N., its fruit ripens. In South Norway it attains the altitude 

 attained by the Bine, and sometimes it extends to a higher elevation. 



The Blackthorn, ov iiloe, Prunos spmosa, L., is found in South 

 Norway, up to 60^ N. 



The Barberry, Berber is vidrjaris, L.,shows itself in a sub-spontaneous 

 state in many places up to 0-1° N. 



The Gooseberry, Eibcs grossidarla, L., is found here and there in a 

 sub-spontaneous state in low-lying countries up to 63° N. 



The Bed Currant, Bibes riibrum L., is found pretty generally 

 spread over the whole country up to the eastern frontier of Finmark, 

 and on mountains it grows beyond tlie limits of the Bine. 



The Juniper, Jiuiiperus communis, B., generally presents itself 

 as a bush, in shrub form, and from i o feet to 6 feet 6 inches in 

 height; but in certain plains up to Selbo, in the prefecture of Sondre 

 Drontheim, it assumes a fine conical form, and the proportions of a 

 tree, and it attains to a height of 12 metres, or 40 feet. It is found 

 ■everywhere up to the North Cape. It climbs up the mountains, 

 passing the limits of the Birch, and attains, like some of the Osiers, 

 an altitude of 1,500 metres above the level of the sea. 



The followinif are the various times of the dowering of trees and 



