ENTOMOLOGY. 75 



have to contend in Utah. From 60 to 90 per cent of untreated apples are infested 

 with this pest. 



Detailed notes are given on the appearance and habits of the insect in its different 

 stages. The first brood of moths in Utah appears shortly after the apples bloom. 

 In warm weather the moths lay their eggs within a day or two after emerging. At 

 Logan the eggs were laid from June 1 to 25. About 90 per cent of the eggs for the 

 first brood were deposited upon the fruit. The moths of the second brood appear 

 from July 20 to August 20, and the eggs of the second brood were deposited between 

 July 22 and September 10. 



Evidence is presented to show that there are 2 definite broods and no more. The 

 codling moth attacks chiefly the apple but also infests pears and occasionally stone 

 fruits. The damage done by the 2 broods is in proportion to their numbers, ami the 

 second brood is about 5 times as numerous as the first. 



Of the many methods which have been proposed for destroying this insect only two 

 are effective, viz, spraying and banding the trees. Notes are given on the materials 

 and apparatus suitable for spraying. The first application should be made from 

 above downward so as to fill the calyx cups. This application should be made as 

 soon as possible after the blossoms fall. A second spraying should be applied within 

 from 10 days to 2 weeks. 



The author believes that if the first two applications are thoroughly and carefully 

 made later sprayings will be unnecessary. Paris green was used for this purpose at 

 the rate of 1 lb. to 50 gal. of water. An examination of Paris green as observed in 

 Utah indicated that this product is rarely adulterated. It is believed not to be neces- 

 sary to add lime to Paris green to prevent its burning the foliage. 



Bands should be placed on the trees a few days before the first worms crawl out 

 and should be kept on until fall. The bands should be examined every 9 days dur- 

 ing the existence of the first brood and once at the end of the season. The total cost 

 of spraying was found to be about 1 per cent of the value of the crop. It was found 

 possible to harvest from 90 to 95 per cent of sound apples by proper spraying and 

 banding. Among remedies of little or no value mention is made of trap lanterns, 

 Avinter spraying, hogs in orchards, picking up windfalls, and air-pressure sprays. 



The brown-tail moth in New Hampshire, C. M. Weed (New Hampshire Sta. 

 Bid. 107, pp. 47-60, Jig*. 10). — The brown-tail moth was first noticed in New Hamp- 

 shire in 1899 and has since been introduced in several towns, so that the south- 

 eastern portion of the State is quite badly infested. Notes are given on the habits 

 and life history of this insect. 



A brief account is given of the damage to trees from the depredations of the brown- 

 tail moth, and also of a skin disease in man caused by the nettling hairs of the cater- 

 pillars. A list is given of the towns infested by the pest. As treatment for this insect 

 the following remedies are suggested: Cutting off and burning the winter nests, and 

 spraying with arsenate of lead in the spring after the leaves have developed. 



Some recent investigations on the black-currant gall mite, W. E. Collinge 

 (Birmingham, England: J. G. Hammond <A/ Co., Ltd., 1904, pp. 1~, pi. l,fi()- 1)- — An 

 elaborate account is presented of the habits and life history of Eriophyes ribis, 

 together with notes on related species. Methods of distribution, food plants, and 

 remedial measures are discussed. Neither fumigation nor the use of spraying fluids 

 has been attended with satisfactory results. Cutting and burning infested bushes 

 will help in exterminating the pest in any given locality. 



Black-currant mite (Jour. Dept. Agr. and Tech. Insir. Ireland, 4 (1904), No. 4, 

 p. 702, pi. 1). — The only way of eradicating this pest is to dig up and burn all infested 

 bushes. 



The striped cucumber beetle, W. M. Morgan ( West. Virginia Sta. Circ. of Infor- 

 mation 3, pjp. 4)- — In combating this pest the author recommends the destruction of 



