DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 87 



Poultry keeping- for farmers, A. M. Prain i Trans. Highland and Agr. Soc. Scot- 

 land, • '. ser., 16 (1904), pp. 62-74, figx. !-)■ — Breeds of poultry, feeding, marketing, 

 testing eggs, housing, and other topics are discussed. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Distillery and brewery by-products, J. B. Lindsey ( Massachusetts sin. Bui. ;/.;, 

 pp. 28, Jig. 1) . — Distillers' grains, brewers' grains, and malt sprouts are described, 

 and digestion and feeding experiments with these products are reported. 



The dried distillers' grains used in the experiments showed the following compo- 

 sition: Water 9.75, ash 1.54, protein 35.36, fiber 12.97, extract matter 29.74, and fat 

 10.64 per cent. The coefficients of digestibility, as determined in experiments witli 

 sheep, were as follows: Dry matter 73, protein 71, fiber 77, extract matter 70, and 

 fat 95 per cent. The average composition and digestibility of a number of samples 

 are also given. 



In an experiment with 6 cows, lasting 12 weeks, the distillers' grains were com- 

 pared with Buffalo gluten feed. The gain in live weight of the cows and the yield 

 of milk and butter were slightly in favor of the distillers' grains, though the differ- 

 ences were not large. The cost of food was also in favor of the distillers' grains. 

 When the cows were fed the gluten meal, from 4 to 6 per cent more dry matter and 

 fiom 7 to 9 per cent more digestible matter were required to produce milk, solids, 

 and fat than when distillers' grains were fed. Distillers' grains are, therefore, 

 believed to be fully equal, if not superior, to gluten feed in nutritive value, and with- 

 out injurious effect on the health of the animals. 



No objectionable flavor or odor was detected in the milk of cows fed distillers' 

 grains, and neither was the keeping quality of the milk apparently affected in any 

 way. The chief use of distillers' grains is for dairy cows, and for this purpose 2 to 

 4 lbs. mixed with other grains may be fed daily. Several combinations are sug- 

 gested. 



The dried brewers' grains used showed the following composition: Water 14.06, 

 ash 3.22, protein 23.26, fiber 14.58, extract matter 38.82, and fat 6.06 per cent; and 

 the following coefficients of digestibility : Dry matter 61, protein 82, fiber 47, extract 

 matter 56, and fat 88 per cent. Average analyses and digestibility are also reported. 



This material was compared with wheat bran in a feeding experiment with 8 cows. 

 The gain in live weight and yield of milk was slightly in favor of the brewers' grains. 

 The ration containing brewers' grains was slightly more economical. Very little 

 difference was observed in the dry matter and digestible matter required to produce 

 solids and fat. As before, the brewers' grains exerted no unfavorable influence on 

 the flavor and keeping quality of the milk, in feeding brewers' grains to dairy cows 

 it is believed to be preferable to mix them with other grains, and to feed from 2 to 5 

 lbs. daily. Several rations are suggested. Notes are also given on feeding wet brew- 

 ers' grains. It is believed 25 lbs. is a fair daily allowance for average sized cows. 



The malt sprouts tested showed the following composition: Water 10.68, ash 4.40, 

 protein 25.33, fiber 14.57, extract matter 43.96, and fat 1.06 per cent; and the follow- 

 ing coefficients of digestibility, as determined in experiments with sheep: Dry mat- 

 ter 78, protein 76, fiber 102, extract matter 78, and fat 60 per cent. 



This material was compared with gluten feed in an experiment with 4 cows, last- 

 ing 6 weeks. The gain in live weight and the yield of milk were slightly in favor 

 of tlie gluten feed. It is believed that malt sprouts may constitute one-third of the 

 daily grain ration, and at the price usually asked may be regarded as an economical 

 feeding stuff. Several rations are suggested. 



The following general statements are made concerning the relative value of the 

 several feeding stuffs: 



"Distillers' dried grains with 32 per cent or more protein are fully equal if not 

 rather superior to gluten feed in feeding value. Distillers' grains and gluten feed 



