1<>4 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



with the result that all the geese died of fowl cholera. Ct is recommended thai hi gg 

 and domestic fowls be kept in separate yards. 



Swine plague and fowl cholera, Kleinpaul > Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 1904, 

 No. 9, p. 156). fn opposition to Georges, the author takes the position that the 

 simultaneous occurrence of these diseases on the same estate furnishes no evidence 

 of their relationship or identity. Attention is called to the fact that both .-wine 

 plague and fowl cholera are of almost universal distribution and must sometimes 

 occur simultaneously in one Ideality. 



Fowl cholera, A. Ii. Ward (California Sta. Bui. 156, pp. Jin. — Fowl cholera 

 occurred in a serious outbreak in California in i903, and this outbreak gave an oppor- 

 tunity to the author to study the disease. It appeared to he very rapidly fatal, a 

 lame percentage of infected fowls dj ing within 3 days after exposure. It was found 

 to be an easy matter to infect healthy fowls by feeding them on the entrails and 

 flesh of birds dead of the disease. Infection may also be spread to some extent by 

 means of the fluid which drips from the beaks of infected fowls. 



Experiments were carried on in disinfecting poultry houses by means of crude car- 

 bolic acid and crude sulphuric acid mixed in equal proportions at the rate of \ gal. of 

 each to 20 gal. of water. This mixture was effective, but was objectionable on 

 account of ruining clothing and rubber hose and producing sores on the skin of the 

 workmen. Crude carbolic acid used alone was objectionable on account of the diffi- 

 culty in keeping it mixed with water. Crude carbolic acid and phenolene used in 

 equal parts, mixed at the rate of \ gal. each to 20 gal. of water, proved very satis- 

 factory. 



In order to supplement the general process of disinfection by further preventive 

 measures, the author tested the effect of adding corrosive sublimate to the drinking 

 water at the rate of 1 part to 2,000. No injurious effects were produced upon the 

 birds. The result of these two disinfectant measures was rapidly to reduce the death 

 rate and ultimately to eradicate the disease. In controlling fowl cholera the author 

 recommends, as one of the most important remedies, the burning or burying of dead 

 fowls, or preferably their destruction, as soon as the slightest symptoms are shown. 



The symptoms of fowl cholera are punctiform hemorrhages upon the heart and 

 similar whitish spots on the liver. The first-named lesion is present in all cases, and 

 the second in more than half of the cases. The excreta are yellowish, and the birds 

 refuse to eat but appear to be thirsty. A marked drowsiness is observed together 

 with a rising of temperature. Turkeys seem to be affected in the same manner as 

 common fowls. The behavior of the fowl-cholera bacillus upon various nutrient 

 media is described, and notes are given on its reaction to heat and disinfectants. 

 The organism appears to be pathogenic for various fowls and pigeons, as well as for 

 guinea pigs. 



Phosphorus poisoning in fowls, Schmutzer (Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 19r>4, 

 No. .5, pj). 70, 71). — Phosphorus poisoned fowls showed p>ronounced opisthotonus 

 just before death. The odor of phosphorus was present in the stomach contents. 

 .The phenomenon of phosphorescence was observed when the stomach contents were 

 rubbed between the fingers in a dark room. Kcchymoses on the surface of the heart 

 constitute an almost constant pathological alteration in cases of phosphorus poisoning. 



A new fatal eye disease of pheasants ( Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 1904, N>> A 

 pp. 28, 29). — During the progress of the disease described in this paper the cornea of 

 affected pheasants became cloudy. Later a purulent process developed, resulting in 

 an abscess of considerable size and involving the supraorbital space. Death took 

 place in all cases after about 10 days. The application of antiseptic washes seemed 

 to hasten the fatal outcome rather than check the disease. 



An interesting tapeworm of pigeons, K. Wolffhugel (Berlin. Tierarztl. 

 ]Yelmschr., 1904, No. S, pp. 45-48, figs. 4)- — Detailed notes are given on the anatomi- 



