HORTICULTURE. 157 



commercial sorl of good shipping quality and excellenl flavor, originated in Georgia; 

 the Welch peach, a promising hardy sort obtained in a collection of Hill Chili seed- 

 lings; the 2 varieties of prunes, Splendor and Sugar, originated by Luther Burbank; 

 the Headlight grape, originated by T. V. Munson, and especially promising in the 



South <ni account of its vigorous growth, disease-resistant foliage, productiveness, and 

 early ripening; and the Cardinal strawberry, a promising commercial sort originated 

 in < >hio. 



A new method of budding {Queensland Agr. .!<>ur., 15 (1904), No. 7, ]>/>. 476, 477, 

 fig.l). — In the method described a piece of bone was sharpened like a lead pencil 

 and fitted with a handle. This was used to make incisions into the bark of a 10-year- 

 old peach tree, into which buds were fitted. The buds were held in place by tacking 

 on a small piece of leather, using upholsterers' half-inch gimp pins "which being 

 enameled do not rust." As the buds swelled the tacks were loosened. 



The method is recommended for all old trees requiring new wood, "an advantage 

 being that it does not interfere with the tree bearing fruit while the buds are being 

 matured. No string or clay or grafting wax is required, as with the old system." 

 The method is illustrated. 



Sexual hybridization and variation by grafting, A. Jurie( Rev. Vit., 21 (1904), 

 No. 543, pp. 5 19-523, figs. 2). — Further evidence is presented to show that hybridiza- 

 tion of grapes by .grafting can actually take place. Photographs of the changes in 

 grape seeds brought about by grafting are given. 



Studies on the manuring of Chablis grapes, E. Rousseaux and <i. Chappaz 

 (Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. UEst), ..'5 (1904), Nos. IS, pp. 4<>0-4<i7; 16, pp. 477-487).— 

 An account of investigations made to determine the fertilizer requirements of the 

 vineyards of Chablis. Analyses with reference to fertilizer constituents are given 

 for the dry leaves and branches and of the marc, wine, and lees obtained from typi- 

 cal vines grown in the vineyards of Chablis. A study was also made of the geology 

 and of the physical and chemical composition of the soil and subsoil in a large 

 number of vineyards throughout the region. 



With these data and data from other sources on the effect of different fertilizers on 

 the production and quality of wine, methods of manuring Chablis vineyards are 

 worked out. It was found that typical vines of the district withdraw yearly from 

 the soil the following amounts of fertilizing constituents: Nitrogen, 32 kg. per hec- 

 tare; phosphoric acid, 6 kg. per hectare; and potash, 27 kg. per hectare. The soils 

 of Chablis were generally found strongly calcareous, rich in potash, fairly rich in 

 phosphoric acid, but a little below normal in nitrogen. They contained only a small 

 amount of gravel, the larger part being made up of fine sand and clay. They would 

 he classed as heavy soils, but owing to the large amount of lime they contained were 

 very permeable and easily worked. 



Allowing, therefore, for certain losses which occur in applying fertilizers and for 

 the fact that the vine roots do not reach all the fertilizers applied, and taking into 

 consideration the effect of the fertilizers on the quality of the wine, the authors rec- 

 ommend the use of about 50 kg. of nitrogen per hectare in the vineyards of Chablis 

 and 50 kg. of phosphoric acid. The use of additional amounts of potash with these 

 soils appears to he without effect and is not recommended. 



In order that the maximum effect of the commercial fertilizers used may be 

 obtained, an occasional manuring of the vineyards with barnyard manure is recom- 

 mended. Specifically it is recommended that every third year the vineyards of 

 Chablis be manured with 10,000 to 12,000 kg. of barnyard manure supplemented 

 with 250 kg. of superphosphate. In each of the two intervening years apply 300 kg. 

 of superphosphate and 300 kg. of nitrate of soda per hectare. If farm manure is 

 difficult to obtain, then apply it only every fifth or sixth year, and in the interval use 

 yearly 700 kg. oil cake, 100 kg. nitrate of soda, and 300 kg. superphosphate per 

 hectare. 



