FORESTRY. 165 



federal government and the various cantons is shown in the forest code revised in 

 L902. The genera] oversight of all the forests within the limits of the country is given 

 to the general government, whether the forests are the property of any public hody 

 or belong to individuals. To the cantons is left the regulation of the municipal woods 



and the control over private forests, subject to the veto of the federal regulations. 



Among the striking regulations attention is called to the federal contribution to the 

 salaries of the forest officers of the cantons, from 25 to 35 per cent of which are pro- 

 vided by the general government. In the protection work the federation may con- 

 tribute from 50 to 80 per cent without sharing in the acquired title of reclaimed 

 lands. In fire protection the government contributes half, and to the cost of the 

 roads 20 per cent. 



In this and many other ways the cooperation between the general government 

 and the different divisions of the country is maintained. The efficiency of these 

 methods of control varies in the different cantons as would naturally be expected. 



The forests of the Hawaiian Islands, W. L. Hall (Hawaiian Forester andAgr., 

 1 (1904), No. 4, PP- 84-102). — A description is given of the forests in the Hawaiian 

 Islands, particular attention being given to the algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) . This 

 species occurs near sea level and is said to have all sprung from a single tree which 

 was introduced in 1837 and which still stands in Honolulu. 



Some of the forest types occurring on the different islands are described, and notes 

 given on some of the more important species. The causes of the rapid decline in 

 the Hawaiian forests are said to have been overstocking, insect injury, rank growth 

 of grasses following grazing, forest tires, and injudicious clearing. 



Report of the chief of the forestry bureau, G. P. Aherx (Ann. llpt. Philippine 

 Com., 190-1, pt. 2, pp. 275-313, pis. 11, figs. 2). — A report is given of the activity of 

 the forestry bureau for the period from September 1, 1902, to August 31, 1903. A 

 statement is given regarding the changes and present organization of the bureau, 

 after which the work of the different divisions is reviewed at some length. 



In the division of inspection the authorized force consisted at the time of the 

 report of 4 inspectors, 20 assistant inspectors, and 128 rangers. The Philippine 

 Islands have been divided into forest districts and at this time the number of stations 

 was 55. Investigations of the division of forestry management are reviewed and 

 descriptions given of some of the forests which have been under investigation. Dur- 

 ing the year covered by the report 2,430 applicants were granted licenses, an increase 

 of 85 per cent over the number granted during the previous year. 



A report is given of the investigations of the timber-testing laboratory and work- 

 shop, comparisons being given in tabular form of the results of crushing tests of a 

 number of Philippine timbers and a number of United States species reported upon 

 by the Bureau of Forestry of this Department. 



One of the serious problems said to confront the forester of the Philippine Islands 

 is the utilization of many of the unknown woods that grow on the islands. There are 

 believed to be between 1,000 and 1,500 species of trees producing timber on the islands 

 of which about 50 varieties make up 80 per cent of the timber in the market. An 

 attempt is being made to find uses for other species in order to provide an outlet for 

 additional kinds of timber. The author states that there have been registered in 

 the forestry bureau 129 estates, embracing 106,647 hectares of private woodlands. 

 The location and extent of these woodlands are shown. 



A report is made on the amount of timber and forest products taken from public 

 lands of the Philippines during the fiscal year, in which it appears that 4,740,738 cu. 

 ft. of timber, 218,100 cu. ft. of firewood, and a large amount of miscellaneous prod- 

 ucts were collected during the year. In addition there was imported 1 13,483 cu. ft. 

 of timber and 87,000 ft. B. M. were exported. A classification is given of the differ- 

 ent varieties of timber cut, and tables are given showing the market price of timber, 

 the receipts and expenditures of the bureau of forestry, etc. 



