274 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Investigations of rusts, M. A. Caeleton (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bureau of Plant 

 Industry Bui. 68, pp. 82, pis. ;.'l— An account is given of experiments and observa- 

 tions on various rusts in continuation of the work reported in Division of Vegetable 

 Physiology and Pathology Bulletin 16 (E. S. R., 11, p. 942). Notes are given rela- 

 tive to the rusts of a number of plants of economic importance, while others serve to 

 elucidate some disputed points in the life history of the fungi. The studies include 

 those of Euphorbia rust, sunflower rust, crown rust of oats, black stem rust of red- 

 top, willow and cottonwood rusts, etc. 



The author concludes from his investigations that the rust occurring on the com- 

 mon sunflower is identical with that on Helianthus mollis and IT. petiolaris, and is 

 probably distinct from that occurring on IF. tuberosus. Investigations on the crown 

 rust of oats serve to show the connection of the jecidial form on Rhamnus and 

 the identity of the crown rust of oats with the forms known to occur on Phalaris 

 caroliniana and Arrhenatherum elatius. 



Brief accounts are given of attempts by the author to segregate to their host plants 

 a number of species of rusts, and notes are given on the winter resistance, emergency 

 adaptations, and perennial species of a number of rusts. 



Diseases of fruits, W. T. Macoun (Canada Expt. Farms Rj^ts. 1903, pp. 106, 

 107). — Brief notes are given on the apple-spot fungus, the ripe rot or brown rot of 

 peaches and plums, peach-leaf curl, and the black rot of grapes. These diseases are 

 briefly described and suggestions given for their prevention. 



Spraying 1 , W. T. Macoun (Canada Expt. Farms Rpls. 1903, pp. 104-106).— Notes 

 are given on experiments in spraying apple trees for the prevention of fungus and 

 insect attacks. The formula recommended consists of copper sulphate 4 lbs., 

 unslaked lime 4 lbs., Paris green 4 oz., and water 40 gal. Experiments are also 

 reported of the use of a dust spray similar to that described in Missouri Station 

 Bulletin 60 (E. S. R., 15, p. 166). 



The experiments conducted by the author seemed to indicate that the powdered 

 form was less satisfactory than where the usual liquid Bordeaux mixture was 

 employed. It is believed, however, for orchards on rough ground or steep hill- 

 sides where liquids are difficult of application that the dust spray will perhaps prove 

 of value. 



The use of sulphur fungicides, E. Total (Rev. Vit., 21 (1904), No. 542, pp. 

 494-497). — The author recommends the addition of sublimed sulphur at the rate of 

 2.5 to 3 kg. per 100 liters of Bordeaux mixture for spraying to protect vines against 

 black rot, gray rot, powdery mildew, etc. 



ENTOMOLOGY. 



Report of the entomologist, J. Fletcher ( Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1903, pp. 

 163-211, figs. 23). — One of the most important insect pests of cereals during the year 

 was the grain aphis. Notes are given on the prevalence of this pest in various parts 

 of the Dominion of Canada and also on the ravages of wheat-stem saw fly, Hessian 

 fly, locusts, and other insects of cereals. 



The Criddle mixture was used successfully in destroying locusts, but the fungus 

 disease was without effect. Considerable injury is reported from the attacks of clover- 

 seed midge and hop aphis. The best insecticide for the latter pest consists of 4 to 5 

 lbs. of soft soap and 6 to 8 lbs. quassia chips per 100 gal. water. Notes are presented on 

 a large number of insect pests of cabbage, sugar beets, and other garden vegetables and 

 fruits. The more important fruit pests during the year were oyster-shell bark-lou.se, 

 scurfy bark-louse, bud moth, apple aphis, pear psylla, pear-leaf blister-mite, and San 

 Jose scale. As a result of a long series of experiments it is recommended that salt 

 be omitted from the lime sulphur-salt mixture in combating this insect. It is also 



