ENTOMOLOGY. 275 



possible to prepare the mixture without boiling. A brief account is presented of 

 some of the more important insects of shade trees. 



A report is given by J. Fixter on the apiary. Good results were had in protecting 

 bee colonies in winter by surrounding the hives with layers of brown building paper 

 and oil paper. The colonies of bees kept over open pails of water showed no bad 

 effects from exposure to moisture. Good results were had in feeding bees on maple 

 sugar, honey, and a mixture of candied honey and sugar. In treating bee colonies 

 for foul brood, excellent results were had by the McEvoy method. 



Special report of assistant superintendent of entomology to the board of 

 commissioners, R. C. L. Perkins (Hawaiian Forester and Agr., 1 (1904), No. 4, pp. 

 75-84). — The economic entomologists of Hawaii are chiefly occupied in preventing 

 the importation of injurious insects and in combating those which are already 

 present. Brief notes are presented on the organization and work of the division of 

 entomology under the Hawaiian Board of Commissioners. Notes are also given on 

 diseases of sugar cane as related to the leaf hopper and on the damage done to sugar 

 cane by fungus diseases. 



Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington ( Proc. Ent. Soc. 

 Washington, 6 (1904), No. 3, pp. 121-192, figs. 9) .—In this number of the proceedings 

 the following subjects are discussed: Two new species of caddice flies; Notes on the 

 structure of the thorax and maxilla? in insects, by Nathan Banks; On the species of 

 Sphenophorus hitherto considered as simplex; On the species of Sphenophorus hith- 

 erto considered as placidus, by F. H. Chittenden; New Diptera from India and Aus- 

 tralia; New North American Diptera, by D. VV. Coquillet; Two new forms of OZneis; 

 Notes on synonymy and larva? of Pyralidfe, by H. G. Dyer; Diverse mosquito larvse 

 that produce similar adults, by H. G. Dyar and F. Knab; and Notes on North Ameri- 

 can Aradidse, with descriptions of two new species, by O. Heidemann. 



A critical study of the mutation and selection theories in relation to Lepi- 

 doptera, ('. Schroder (Allg. Ztschr. Ent, 9(1904), No. 15-16, pp. 28 1-297, jigs. 10).— 

 A critical review is presented of the literature relating to this subject in the study 

 of Lepidoptera. The author maintains that mimicry and similar phenomena are 

 easily explained on the basis of the theory of natural selection and can not be held to 

 militate in any way against this theory. 



Ants which live in symbiosis with plants in the Amazon region and in 

 Peru, A. Forel (Zool. Jahrb:, Abt. Syst., 20 (1904), No. 6, pp. 677-707).— A num- 

 ber of ants were collected by E. Ule along the Amazon and in Peru, and a careful 

 study of these insects disclosed the fact that they lived in symbiotic relation with 

 various species of plants. The different species are described by the author and 

 notes are given on their peculiar habits of life. The genera chiefly represented are 

 Azteca, Camponotus, etc. 



The biology of insects, C. Kopp (Jahreshef. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk.Wurttemberg, 60 

 (1904), pp. 344-350). — Notes are presented on the habits, life history, and especially 

 on the nest construction of Ammophila sabulosa, Osmia bicornis, and other species of 

 insects and spiders. 



Agricultural pests and diseases in the Province of Bologna, D. Cavazza 

 and L. Zerbini (Ann. Uffic. Prov. Agr., Bologna, 10 (1902-3), pp. 224-243, figs. 3).— 

 Brief notes are given on red spider, mites on grape vines, woolly aphis, brown-tail 

 moth, parasitic fungi, and field mice. Especial attention is devoted to a discussion 

 of the methods of destroying the latter. The methods discussed are drowning by 

 submerging, poisoning, and use of infectious diseases. On ground situated favorably 

 for submersion this method is very cheap and efficacious. In general, however, the 

 best results are obtained from the use of arsenical and other poisons such as strych- 

 nine, nux vomica, phosphorus, potassium cyanid, etc. 



The authors tested the method which has lately given such good results in France 

 and which consists in the use of cultures of infectious diseases. The results obtained 



