8(>8 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



produce g I Chinese cabbage it will be necessary to give it the same cart' as curled 



chicory <>r turnips in forced culture. Some suggestions are given on the preparation 

 ni' this vegetable for the table. 



Notes on varieties of tomatoes, V. II. Davis {.lour. Columbus Hort. Soc, 19 

 (1904), No. 3, fii. 114-116). — Notes are given on a number of varieties of tomatoes 

 tested at the station during the season. Sparks Karliana proved a very satisfactory 



sort. The fruit is of good size, fairly s oth, and of excellent quality for an early 



tomato. Objections to the fruit were its rather open growth and its tendency to 

 scald. 



A new tomato ( Gard. ( hnm., •-.'. ser., 36 ( 1904), No. 925, /*. 198, fig. 1). — A descrip- 

 tion is given of a new tomato, "The Reverend Laycock." It is an especially hand- 

 some tomato, characterized by great fleshiness, small number of seeds, firm skin, and 

 excellent flavor. It has a shining mahogany color when ripe. It appears to be a 

 heavy bearer of good-sized fruits. 



Orchard studies — XVI. The composition of apples, W. B. Alwood and R. J. 

 Davidson ( Virginia Sin. Bui. 143, pp. 283-299). — The authors present the results ol 

 analyses of 10 varieties of summer apples, 13 of autumn apples, 19 of winter apples, 

 and 7 of crab apples, with reference to the amount of juice and pomace, and the com- 

 position of the juice with reference to solids, sugar, acids, tannin, and specific gravity, 

 and the composition of the pomace with reference to moisture, ash, sugar, acids, and 

 tannin. The determination of moisture, solids, nitrogen, ash, phosphoric acid, pot- 

 ash, and lime is also given for a few of the different classes of apples noted. The 

 purpose of the work is to secure accurate data as to the quality of the different varie- 

 ties and their relative value for purposes of manufacture of secondary products. It is 

 also hoped that the data may be found valuable in crossbreeding work in the future. 



Considering all the results together, the average water content of the whole fruit 

 varied in the experiments from 80 to about 86 per cent of their total weight. With an 

 80-ton hydraulic press it has been possible to obtain only about 74 percent of the 

 weight of the fruit as juice. It is considered that in practice 70 per cent is a very 

 high average. The amount of juice recovered in the summer varieties of apples 

 examined averaged 48.91 per cent. Omitting two varieties which were specially 

 poor in juice, the average was 53.20 per cent. The juice obtained from autumn varie- 

 ties averaged 53.92 per cent of the weight of the fruit; of winter apples, 52.16 per 

 cent, and of crab apples, 57.31 per cent. 



The crabs thus show the highest percentage of juice of any of the different groups 

 of apples examined. The average total sugar content of the juice of summer varieties 

 was 9.53, autumn varieties 10.66, winter varieties 11.43, and crab apples 11.71 per 

 cent. The amount of sugar remaining in the pomace varied from 4.16 per cent in 

 the case of summer apples to 4.38 per cent in autumn apples. Pomace of winter 

 apples contained 4.29 per cent of sugar, and of crab apples 4.26 per cent. It is 

 believed that the sugar content in the pomace could be extracted by exhaustion 

 with warm or cold water in some such manner as is followed in beet-sugar diffusion 

 batteries. The weak must, or juice, thus recovered could be used for diluting richer 

 juice intended for vinegar stock. The value of pomace for stock feed when ensiled 

 is also pointed out. 



The apple in Oregon, E. R. Lake ( <>re<j<,n Sta. /»'/'/. 81, pp. 32, ph. 8, map 1). — 

 The author discusses the early history of apple growing in Oregon, including an 

 account of the rise and decline of early planted orchards, and gives directions for 

 planting and caring for orchards in the State at the present time. 



Planting the apple orchard, L. B. Jrnsox (Idaho Sta. />'»/. 43, pp. 321-351, figs. 

 15). — Popular directions are given for planting and growing orchards, from the selec- 

 tion of the site to the harvesting of the fruit. 



Picking and handling winter apples, .1. S. Woodward (Rural New Yorker, 63 

 (1904), No. ?855, />. 745). — Directions are given for modern methods of picking and 



