372 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



apples arc produced in the county, "95 per cent of which are only tit for cider." 

 The value of the fruit and produce used by canning factories is placed at $150,000. 



Plowing- v. mulching (Amer. Gard., 85 {1904), No. 505, p. 662).— An account is 

 given of an experiment in cultivating V. mulching peach orchards. The orchard in 

 question was thai of J. H. Hale, in Connecticut. It is stated that the mulched trees 

 made a growth that many people would have been satistied with, but much betttr 

 results were secured by cultivation. The cultivated trees made a better growth, and 

 the leaves were larger and of a deeper green color. It was an easy matter to pit k 

 out by appearance the cultivated from the mulched trees in the different sections i f 

 the orchard. 



Cooling peaches before shipping i Orange Judd Farmer, 37 (1904), No. 16, 

 p. 359).— Ay the results of investigations by G. H. Powell of this Department, in 

 Georgia, it is stated that if peaches are cooled quickly to about 40° before being 

 loaded in refrigerator cars, they will carry to the most distant northern markets 

 without loss. "Nine full carloads were included in the cooling tests, and check cars 

 cooled in the ordinary way accompanied them to New York and New England 

 markets. The cooled fruit arrived in practically the same condition in which it left 

 the orchard, in uniform condition from the bottom to the top of the car. In the check 

 cars there was as much as 30 per cent soft and decayed fruit in the top layers of 

 peaches. In some cases the fruit was sold after 14 days in the cold car in prime 

 condition." It is believed that the investigations indicate that a large proportion of 

 the usual losses in transit of the peach can be overcome if the temperature of the 

 fruit can be reduced quickly after picking. The body of ice in an ordinary refriger- 

 ator car does not reduce the temperature quickly enough to check ripening, and the 

 fruits deteriorate at the top, where the temperature is highest. 



Cold storage for fruit ( West Indian Bui., 5 (1904), No. 2, pp. 117-134).— This 

 article is made up largely of a series of interviews with the managers of important 

 cold-storage plants in the United States on the methods followed in their work in the 

 cold storage of fruits. 



Graft hybrids (Gard. Citron., 3. ser., 36 (1904), No. 926, pp. 217-219, figt. 5).— 

 A review is given of the work of L. Daniel in producing graft hybrids, and of earlier 

 work of a similar nature by others. A number of cuts of graft hybrids illustrate 

 the article. 



Coffee and coffee culture, C. B. Hayward (Scl. Amer., 91 (1904), No. 12, pp. 

 194', 195). — A brief account of the early history of coffee, and the various stages of 

 development from flowering to the manufactured product. 



Coffee planting in Porto Rico, J. W. Van Leenhoff (Porto Rico Sta. Circ. 5, 

 pp. 14, figs. 6). — Popular directions are given for the planting and management of 

 coffee plantations in Porto Rico. The article is preceded by an account, by F. D. 

 Gardner, on the experimental work now being carried out at the station with coffee. 

 Special attention is being paid to planting at different distances and to different 

 cultural methods. Experiments to control the coffee-leaf miner, by picking and 

 destroying all infested leaves, have been made on several occasions, but the indica- 

 tions are that the task is too great to be practicable. The circular is also issued in 

 the Spanish language. 



Comparative study of different methods of pruning, B. Chauzit and G. Barba 

 (Rev. Yit., 22 (1904), No*. 554, pp. 92-95; 555, pp. 122-126).— -The authors conducted 

 a series of experiments extending over a number of years with different methods of 

 pruning vinifera varieties of grapes to determine the effect on yield and quality of 

 the wine produced. The results obtained are tabulated as regards yields during 9 

 seasons, anil the composition of the must as regards sugar, acid, alcohol, extract, 

 ash, etc. 



The final conclusions regarding the matter are as follows: Long-pruned vines 

 trained on wires are more prolific, other things being equal, than vines pruned and 



